Prevalência de anticorpos antileishmania spp em cães de Garanhuns, Agreste de Pernambuco

Abstract

RESUMOIntrodução: Desconhecida a realidade da leishmaniose visceral canina em Garanhuns, objetivou-se investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos antileishmania spp em cães domiciliados e semidomiciliados e os possíveis fatores de risco envolvidos. Métodos: Em uma primeira etapa foram coletadas 256 amostras de sangue de cães que foram submetidas à reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) na diluição 1:40. Adicionalmente, 23 amostras positivas na RIFI foram testadas com um teste rápido imunocromatográfico. Em uma segunda etapa, novas amostras de sangue de 18 cães positivos na RIFI na primeira fase do estudo foram coletadas, retestadas pela RIFI (1:40 e 1:80) e, adicionalmente, pela reação em cadeia da polimerase para pesquisa de DNA de Leishmania infantum. Ademais, 16 dessas amostras foram retestadas pelo teste rápido imunocromatográfico. Resultados: Na primeira etapa, 16% das amostras foram positivas na RIFI (1:40) e apenas três (13%) foram positivas no teste rápido imunocromatográfico. Na segunda etapa, 12 amostras foram positivas na RIFI na diluição 1:40 e sete também na diluição 1:80. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na reação em cadeia da polimerase e no teste rápido imunocromatográfico. Sinais clínicos de leishmaniose visceral ocorreram em 4,9% dos cães positivos. Não houve diferença estatística entre idade, sexo e status clínico dos cães, porém entre seus locais de origem. Conclusões: Os cães domiciliados e semidomiciliados de Garanhuns apresentam anticorpos antileishmania spp, sendo, em sua grande maioria, assintomáticos. Palavras-chaves: Leishmaniose visceral. Sorologia. Cão. Epidemiologia. ABSTRACT Introduction:Considering the unknown situation regarding canine visceral leishmaniasis in Garanhuns, this study had the aim of investigating occurrences of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies in domesticated and partially domesticated dogs, and the possible risk factors involved. Methods: In the first phase of the study, 256 blood samples were collected from dogs and subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) reaction at a dilution of 1:40. Additionally, 23 IFAT-positive samples were tested using an immunochromatographic dipstick test. In the second phase, new blood samples were collected from 18 dogs that were IFAT-positive in the first phase. These animals were retested using IFAT (1:40 and 1:80) and, additionally, by means of the polymerase chain reaction to investigate the Leishmania infantum DNA. Furthermore, 16 of these samples were retested using the immunochromatographic dipstick test. Results: In the first phase of the study, 16% of the samples were IFAT-positive (1:40) and only three (13%) were positive in the immunochromatographic dipstick test. In the second phase, 12 samples were IFAT-positive at the dilution of 1:40, and seven were also positive at 1:80. None of the samples were positive in the polymerase chain reaction testing or in the immunochromatographic dipstick test. Clinical signs suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis were observed in 4.9% of the IFAT-positive dogs. There were no sta...

Molecular and parasitological detection of Leishmania spp. in dogs caught in Palmas, TO, Brazil

“…A statistically significant association was observed between the signs and infection by L. infantum, though this result disagrees with the serological findings reported for canine VL in a previous study (SANTOS et al, 2010). Nevertheless, it is important to stress that not every symptomatic dog was diagnosed as VL-positive, which agrees with the conclusions reached by Osman et al (1997) and Dantas-Torres et al (2006).…”

Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Brazil: how has the situation changed after 10 years?

“…This study assessed the presence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in domiciled dogs and investigated for the first time the spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in this poorly studied area. The overall results showed a seroprevalence of 2.4% (6/242), which was lower than that observed in a previous study performed in the same area, where 16% (25/256) of the dogs were found to be seropositive in the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) 11 . This difference may be related to the features of each technique.…”

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

“…Variables such as gender, age, race and fur type evaluated in the present study were not associated to the risk of acquiring the infection. This was also observed in other endemic areas (RONDON et al, 2008;SANTOS et al, 2010), although some studies present conflicting results as to the gender, age and race variables (OLIVEIRA et al, 2010;SANTOS et al, 2010). In this matter, there are no diagnostic tests for CVL that present 100% specificity and sensibility.…”

“…According to Santos et al (2010), the local environment and risk factors may vary from one region to another, highlighting the mode of life of animals as one of the most important aspects to acquire CVL infection. In the present study, the statistical univariate analysis showed that guard role, free access to the street and living around the exterior of the house were factors associated to dog infection with risks 1.78, 1.89, 3.19 times higher for acquiring the disease, respectively.…”