Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years

Onís, Mercedes de; Borghi, Elaine; Arimond, Mary; Webb, Patrick; Croft, Trevor; Saha, Kuntal K.; De-Regil, Luz María; Thuita, Faith; Heidkamp, Rebecca; Krasevec, Julia; Hayashi, Chika; Flores‐Ayala, Rafael

doi:10.1017/s1368980018002434

Cited by 277 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Compared to the national estimates for Addis, this study reports a prevalence which is approximately 5% higher [25]. Being overweight/obesity was also high in the study population [44], in particular when compared with the prevalence reported in the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 for Addis Ababa (7%) [25]. The differences in our observed prevalence as compared to the EDHS could be due to the small sample size used in the EDHS for Addis (n ≤ 220), which may not reflect the child population of the city.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The co-existence of both under-and over-nutrition was evident among preschoolers in Addis Ababa; being overweight has reached significantly high levels [44], constituting an important public health risk, while poor diet and stunting remain as pressing issues. Limited dietary diversity, child stunting, and being overweight were common features among the pre-school children of Addis Ababa regardless of wealth, maternal education and household food security.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results show the presence of the dual burden of malnutrition: a high prevalence of being overweight/obesity co-existing with under-nutrition. The rates of wasting (3.2%) were low and close to meeting the target of maintaining wasting below 3% by 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) [43,44]. However, stunting results were not as promising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5-20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8-3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6-12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4-2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26-0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44-0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under-and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed. software, S.A.; validation, H.Y.B., Y.B. and S.A.; formal analysis, H.Y.B., S.A.; investigation, H.Y.B., Y.B.; resources, H.Y.B., M.J., Y.B., B.A., E.-C.E.; data curation, E.-C.E., S.A.; writing-original draft preparation, H.Y.B.; writing-review and editingsupervision, H.Y.B.; project administration, H.Y.B., Y.B., E.-C.E.; funding acquisition, H.Y.B., M.J., Y.B., B.A., E.-C.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…Using WHZs allowed modeling of the three categories in the same distribution and thus enabled us to reliably determine the relative proportions for each category using an ordinal approach. Based on WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)-defined thresholds, a moderate level of separate or dual conditions is defined as >5-10%, a high level as >10-15% and a very high level as >15% estimated prevalence 11 . Finally, we have defined DBM in this study as the simultaneous occurrence of >5% estimated prevalence for both wasting and overweight within the same locations in the same year.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Kinyoki

Schutte

Ross

et al. 2020

Nat Med

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A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

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“…The prevalence of childhood obesity has sharply increased from 1990 to 2010 in low-and middleincome countries compared to the developed countries (29), which can have undesirable effects on physical, mental, and psychosocial health in adolescents (30)(31)(32). Studies reported that, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents varies in different parts of Iran (4,19,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Anthropometric Indices in Iranian mid-adolescents

Heydari

Alamolhoda

Ayatollahi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The present study was conducted to assess some specific factors related to anthropometric indices in a representative sample of Iranian mid-adolescents. It also aimed to investigate the relationship between three anthropometric indices using a multivariate multilevel approach.Methods This study was conducted among 2538 students (1286 boys) aged 14 -20 years old, who were randomly selected among 16 high schools by multi-stage random sampling procedure from 4 education districts of Shiraz, Iran. Data on demographic characteristics and anthropometric measures were collected. Anthropometric indices were estimated by the calibrated tools. A multivariate multilevel model was used to assess the predictor variables associated with obesity measures of the triceps (TST), abdominal (AST), and subscapular (SST) skinfold thickness.Results In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 10.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Hierarchical models showed that, the outcome variables were correlated at the child and district levels. Positive associations were observed between the sex, family history of obesity, and moderate and high Socio-Economic Status (SES) with three anthropometric indices. Moreover, there were positive associations between moderate to vigorous physical activities with AST and SST, but they were not statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05.Conclusions Our findings revealed that, TST, AST, and SST could be useful indices for measuring the adiposity in mid-adolescents. In addition, the effect of the district level on the predictor variables highlights the important role of the environmental factors on the childhood obesity.

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Prevalence thresholds for wasting, overweight and stunting in children under 5 years

Cited by 277 publications

References 11 publications

Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Anthropometric Indices in Iranian mid-adolescents

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