Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Abstract

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.

Geospatial estimation of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health indicators: a systematic review of methodological aspects of studies based on household surveys

“…The use of multiple modeling techniques allows any complex non-linear effects of the covariates to be captured, while the final predictions are estimated using a robust, consolidated modeling technique. All 11 studies following this approach [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] used a Bayesian hierarchical model fitted using INLA for the final predictions. Only one study relied on ensemble models and did not perform stacked generalization [38].…”

“…The burden of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was estimated for the entire African continent [28] and in all LMICs [27,37]. There were also several single country studies that account for and focus on local specificities as done in Bangladesh [98], Afghanistan [99], Cambodia [100], India [36], Mexico [101] and Ethiopia [24,102].…”

“…There were also several single country studies that account for and focus on local specificities as done in Bangladesh [98], Afghanistan [99], Cambodia [100], India [36], Mexico [101] and Ethiopia [24,102]. Five studies generated estimates at district or province level [98][99][100]102], four studies at 1x1km [45], 5x5km [27,28] and 10x10km [103], and two studies at both 5x5km and administrative level [36,37]. Six studies modeled their outcomes using Bayesian models through INLA.…”

Clinical Feature, Cause and Outcome in Female Paediatric Child with Osseomuscular Type of Wilson’s Disease

“…Few of the related studies were reported by Kinyoki et al [14] and De et al [15]. Studies on different aspects of child health [16][17], nutrition and care [18][19][20] were reviewed [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Measurement challenges for childhood obesity research within and between Latin America and the United States

“… 32 Third, there is a pressing need for further review and compilation of available surveillance data and resources across the Americas. 33 Such a compilation could be modeled on the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research Catalog of Surveillance systems. 20 Additional information and compilation concerning the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations' survey instruments would also be useful; currently, it can be difficult to find such instruments along with details about their development and adaptation for different countries.…”