Prevalence, Specificity and Titration of Red Cell Alloantibodies in Multiparous Antenatal Females at a Tertiary Care Centre from North India

Abstract

Screening and detection of clinically significant antibodies among antenatal women plays an important role in transfusion safety and preventing hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. Routine screening of antenatal women for antibodies is not done in all blood centres of our country and so immunization rates are not known in pregnant women. We studied the prevalence of alloantibodies and titration of Anti D among antenatal multiparous women in Jammu region. In present prospective study, 750 antenatal multiparous women attending antenatal clinics were typed for ABO and D antigens. Alloantibody screening was done, if positive, specificity of alloantibody was ascertained by using commercially available red cell panel by tube method. Rate of alloimmunization was correlated with Rh D status, gravida, previous transfusion history and bad obstetric history. Titration of alloantibody D was done in first and third trimester of pregnancy. In present study most common blood group detected was B positive (38.4 %). Rh D negative cases constituted 7.6 % of total cases. Rate of alloimmunization was 2 %. A significant correlation was seen between Rh D-negative and alloimmunization (21 % in D-negative and 0.45 % in D-positive). There is significant increasing degree of alloimmunization with increase in Gravida. Alloimmunization in females with bad obstetric history was high

Red cell alloimmunization among antenatal women attending tertiary care center in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India

“…Based on the fact that anti-D accounted for 64.10% of all alloantibodies, we need to focus more on anti-D immunoprophylaxis. In the present study, there was a glaring, statistically significant difference between alloimmunization rates in RhD-negative versus Rh D-positive group comparable with another study from North India showing statistical significance[ 26 ] (odds ratio = 0.0162, χ 2 = 138.47, P < 0.001).…”

“…Koelewijn et al . [ 20 ] found that the prevalence of alloantibodies other than anti-D is 0.38% whereas that with another study carried out from North India was about 0.45%;[ 26 ] another study from South India showed prevalence of about 1.48. [ 27 ] Lurie et al .…”

D antibodies in pregnant women in multiethnic Suriname: the observational RheSuN study

“…Recent African studies showed somewhat lower D antibody prevalences of 4% to 6%, than in our Suriname women from African descent, possibly explained by study cohort differences (including D+, nonpregnant, and more primigravid women) and the use of other—less sensitive—antibody screenings techniques . D antibodies in four Indian studies in D– women varied between 2.5% and 21%, depending on whether anti‐D prophylaxis was applied and the use of a more D antibody–sensitive, enzyme‐modified antibody screening test …”

Distribution of antenatal alloimmunization in the southern districts of West Bengal and its significant associated factor

“…We found a statistically significant correlation between the development of antibody versus gravid status of pregnant women, APH, and past history of neonatal jaundice. Similar results were shown by Pahuja et al .,[ 3 ] Al-Joudi et al .,[ 22 ] and Sidhu et al .,[ 23 ] which shows increase in alloimmunization with increasing gravida status.…”