Prevalence, Resistance Patterns, and Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria from Retail Chicken Meat in Colombia

Abstract

As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS), this study aimed to establish the baseline antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella serovars, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolates in retail poultry meat from independent stores and from a main chain distributor center. MICs of the isolates were determined for antimicrobials used both in humans and animals, using an automated system. Salmonella serovars were isolated from 26% of the meat samples and E. coli from 83%, whereas Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were detected in 81 and 13% of the meat samples, respectively. A principal finding of concern in this study was that almost 98% of isolates tested were multidrug resistant. Ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were the antimicrobials that showed the highest frequency of resistance among Salmonella and E. coli isolates. For enterococci, 61.5% of E. faecium isolates were found to be resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin; this is significant because it is used to treat nosocomial infections when vancomycin resistance is present. Vancomycin resistance was detected in 4% of the E. faecalis isolates. The results of our study highlight the need for rapid implementation of an integrated program for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by the Colombian authorities in order to monitor trends, raise awareness, and help promote practices to safeguard later generation antimicrobial agents.

Alternate antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from retail meats in Vietnam using RNA‐sequencing analysis

“…Ceftazidime has shown to be a good antibiotic, with no Salmonella isolates being resistant all isolates. This result is consistent with a previous report (Donado-Godoy et al, 2015).…”

“…The high rate of contamination observed in meat samples (28%) is likely to show a breakdown of hygiene at different steps of food processing as well as a lack of adequate refrigeration. The high prevalence of Salmonella isolates in retail meats obtained in this study was similar to that described in previous studies (Donado‐Godoy et al, ; Katoh et al, ; Takeshi et al, ). The 28% overall prevalence of Salmonella isolates observed in this study is lower than that found in other studies conducted in Spain (35.8%; Dominguez, Gomez, & Zumalacarregui, ) and Portugal (60%; Antunes, Reu, Sousa, Peixe, & Pestana, ), but higher than figures reported from Ireland (2.8%; Jordan et al, ) and Romania (13.2%; Tirziu et al, ).…”

“…In this study, approximately 52% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, which was higher than other studies in Poland (42.6%; Maka et al, 2015), but lower than figures reported in Tokyo (89.9%; Katoh et al, 2015) and India (67.5%; Deekshit et al, 2012). The overall rate of multi antimicrobial resistance was 36%, which was higher than that described in Korea (29%; Choi et al, 2015) and India (25%; Deekshit et al, 2012), but lower than figures reported in Romania (71.4%; Tirziu et al, 2015), Japan (90.2%; Katoh et al, 2015), and Colombia (98%, Donado-Godoy et al, 2015). The cause of this difference could be attributed to the abuse of antibiotics used in animal feed, used in treatment and prevention of livestock diseases on farms, and use in treatment of human patients, all of which has increased the rate of resistance genes for microorganisms (Miranda, Mondragon, Martinez, Guarddon, & Rodriguez, 2009).…”

Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador

“…Resistance rates to nitrofurantoin in this study are higher than the ones reported in 265 chicken meat samples (7,9%) in Colombia by Donado-Godoy et al [49]. Higher…”

“…Increasing antibiotic resistance and the lack of new antibacterial agents have revived 260 interest in old compounds such as nitrofurantoin in clinical [46,47]. Despite the renewed 261 importance of nitrofurantoin and the known role of food animals in resistance 262 dissemination, only a few studies include this antibiotic in antimicrobial resistance 263 screenings [48,49].…”