Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, AR patterns and the characterization of relevant resistance genes in Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC E. coli from large poultry farms in Ecuador. Sampling was performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in 6 slaughterhouses that slaughter broilers from 115 farms totaling 384 flocks. Each sample of collected caeca was streaked onto TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (3 mg/l). In total, 176 isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance patterns by the disk diffusion method and for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV, blaKPC, and mcr-1 by PCR and sequencing. ESBL and AmpC E. coli were found in 362 flocks (94.3%) from 112 farms (97.4%). We found that 98.3% of the isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics. Low resistance was observed for ertapenem and nitrofurantoin. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the blaCTX-M (90.9%) blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-3 alleles. Most of the AmpC strains presented the blaCMY-2 gene. Three isolates showed the mcr-1 gene. Poultry production systems represent a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador, possibly mediated by the extensive use of antibiotics. Monitoring this sector in national and regional plans of antimicrobial resistance surveillance should therefore be considered.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in broiler chickens, farmworkers, and farm sewage in Bangladesh

“…Among cephalosporins, the resistance to cefotaxime was remarkably higher (78.1%) compared to the other two antibiotics of that group. High resistance to cefotaxime was previously reported in broiler farms abroad (Vinueza-Burgos et al, 2019) and the household water supply in Bangladesh (Talukdar et al, 2013). In addition, the reports on prevalence of cefotaxime resistance genes in poultry, wild birds, and the environment of Bangladesh corroborate the high resistance of cefotaxime found in the present study (Haque et al, 2014;Hasan et al, 2012).…”

Characterization of β-lactam resistance in K. pneumoniae associated with ready-to-eat processed meat in Egypt

“…In the current study, most of the isolates (93.2%) were resistant to cefotaxime. These isolates usually produce ESBL and show resistance to other β-lactam antibiotics [ 27 , 28 ]. In addition, the studied isolates show high resistance to ceftazidim, cefoxitin amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ertapenem, and moderate resistance level to aztreonam, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftriaxone.…”

An Abattoir-Based Study on the Prevalence of Salmonella Fecal Carriage and ESBL Related Antimicrobial Resistance from Culled Adult Dairy Cows in Wuhan, China

“…Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are the enzymes responsible for causing resistance to antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins [ 16 ]. Globally, the important ESBL genes that have been reported to be responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance include plasmid-mediated bla CTX-M , bla TEM , bla SHV and bla KPC genes [ 17 ]. Recent studies in China have demonstrated a high prevalence of ESBLs in Escherichia coli from cattle [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”