Prevalence of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infections Among Afghan National Army Recruits in Afghanistan

Todd, Catherine S.; Mansoor, Ghulam Farooq; Buhler, Cyril; Rahimi, Habiburrahman; Zekria, Rohullah; Fernandez, Stefan; Mikhail, Amy; Scott, Paul T.; Yingst, Samuel L.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2015.1921

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…After a long gap, cases were reported again in 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013 [ 48 ] from this HKH region. In Bangladesh, DEN was only reported in the years 2000 and 2001 [ 68 ] and in Afghanistan in the years 2010 and 2011 [ 35 ]. In the HKH region of Myanmar, DEN cases were reported quite early in 1973 and 1974 [ 73 ], but no DEN cases were reported from there after 1980 [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dengue and Chikungunya in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Systematic Review

Phuyal

Kramer

Klingelhöfer

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The risk of increasing dengue (DEN) and chikungunya (CHIK) epidemics impacts 240 million people, health systems, and the economy in the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The aim of this systematic review is to monitor trends in the distribution and spread of DEN/CHIK over time and geographically for future reliable vector and disease control in the HKH region. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the spatiotemporal distribution of DEN/CHIK in HKH published up to 23 January 2020, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, we found 61 articles that focused on the spatial and temporal distribution of 72,715 DEN and 2334 CHIK cases in the HKH region from 1951 to 2020. DEN incidence occurs in seven HKH countries, i.e., India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Myanmar, and CHIK occurs in four HKH countries, i.e., India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar, out of eight HKH countries. DEN is highly seasonal and starts with the onset of the monsoon (July in India and June in Nepal) and with the onset of spring (May in Bhutan) and peaks in the postmonsoon season (September to November). This current trend of increasing numbers of both diseases in many countries of the HKH region requires coordination of response efforts to prevent and control the future expansion of those vector-borne diseases to nonendemic areas, across national borders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dengue and Chikungunya in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Systematic Review

Phuyal

Kramer

Klingelhöfer

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Many VBDs of human and animal health importance are already endemic in Afghanistan. Malaria, leishmaniasis, CCHF, and LSD are the most common human and animal VBDs in Afghanistan; however, dengue virus and some other vital VBDs are also reported in some parts of the country (Adegboye et al, 2017;WHO, 2017;Todd et al, 2016;Samadi et al, 2021;Madadi et al, 2023;Sangary et al, 2023).…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Vbds In Afghanistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that climate change, especially temperature and precipitation, affected the occurrence and distribution of these diseases in Afghanistan. Furthermore, Todd et al (2016) tested 809 people for some zoonotic and VBDs in Afghanistan and found that 2.1% of tested persons had antibodies against the dengue virus.…”

Section: Effect Of Climate Change On Vbds In Afghanistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases of Animals and Humans with Special Emphasis on Afghanistan

Samadi

2024

JNSR

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Vectors are organisms that transmit pathogenic microorganisms among animals and humans. Infections transmitted by the bites of blood-sucking arthropods are called vector-borne diseases (VBDs). This review highlights the impacts of climate change on the distribution, seasonal variation, and socioeconomic effects of VBDs in affected countries, especially Afghanistan. There is good enough evidence indicating that recent climate change has affected the interaction of the vector-pathogen-host cycle in many parts of the world. The emergence and re-emergence of bluetongue virus (BTV), Rift Valley Fever (RVF), lumpy skin disease (LSD), West Nile Virus (WNV), and malaria in new areas previously considered free of the diseases, and shift of seasonal occurrence of many VBDs in endemic areas, are the clear examples of climate change impacts on VDBs. Although significant progress has been made regarding VBD surveillance systems, diagnostic capacity, vaccine development, and vector control programs in resource-rich countries, failure in adaptation programs and ineffective mitigation strategies against VBDs in developing countries, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Afghanistan facilitate widespread distribution of VBDs in these regions. Furthermore, developing drug resistance among the pathogens and their vectors makes the conditions more suitable for VBDs wide dispersion. Such situations cause severe health and socio-economic burdens to affected countries. Developing early-warning systems for detecting VBDs, identifying and developing resistant livestock species and breeds, and applying interceptive measures based on integrated research programs are crucial to effectively reduce the harmful impacts of VBDs on human and animal populations.

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“…), and even parasitic helminths ( Wuchereria bancrofti , etc.) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Due to the wide geographical distribution of hematophagous arthropods, globally emerging VBDs infect millions of people annually, especially in developing countries, and hence represent a significant threat to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Ticks, Sheep Keds, and Domestic Animals from Ngawa, Southwest China

Tian

Zhao

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Vector-borne pathogens are mainly transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes, fleas, lice, mites, etc. They pose a significant threat to animal and human health due to their worldwide distribution. Although much work has been performed on these pathogens, some neglected areas and undiscovered pathogens are still to be further researched. In this study, ticks (Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis), sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus), and blood samples from yaks and goats were collected in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Southwest China. Several vector-borne bacterial pathogens were screened and studied. Anaplasma bovis strains representing novel genotypes were detected in ticks (8.83%, 37/419), yak blood samples (45.71%, 64/140), and goat blood samples (58.93%, 33/56). Two spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsiae, Candidatus Rickettsia jingxinensis, and a novel Rickettsia species named Candidatus Rickettsia hongyuanensis were identified in ticks. Another Rickettsia species closely related to the Rickettsia endosymbiont of Polydesmus complanatus was also detected in ticks. Furthermore, a Coxiella species was detected in ticks (3.34%, 14/419), keds (1.89%, 2/106), and yak blood (0.71%, 1/140). Interestingly, another Coxiella species and a Coxiella-like bacterium were detected in a tick and a goat blood sample, respectively. These results indicate the remarkable diversity of vector-borne pathogens circulating in this area. Further investigations on their pathogenicity to humans and domestic animals are still needed.

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Prevalence of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infections Among Afghan National Army Recruits in Afghanistan

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dengue and Chikungunya in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Systematic Review

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Dengue and Chikungunya in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region: A Systematic Review

Impacts of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases of Animals and Humans with Special Emphasis on Afghanistan

Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Ticks, Sheep Keds, and Domestic Animals from Ngawa, Southwest China

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