Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among pre-school and school aged children in Arssi zone, Ethiopia

Asrat, Y T; Omwega, AM; Muita, J W G

doi:10.4314/eamj.v79i7.8838

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…However, the prevalence was lower compared to the figures reported for pre-school children of rural India (0.8%) by NNMB (2003), Maharahtra (1.3%) by Arlappa et al (2008) and Ethiopia (2.2%) by Asrat et al (2002). Blood vitamin A deficiency was very high (61%) compared to the prevalence of 8.2% in Sri Lanka (Mahawithanage et al 2007), 30.8% in Bangladesh (West 2002), 32.3% in Nepal (Gorstein et al 2003b), 55% in the state of Maharashtra, India (Arlappa et al 2008) and the global prevalence of 33.3% (WHO 2009).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Micronutrient deficiency disorders among the rural children of West Bengal, India

Arlappa

Laxmaiah

Balakrishna

et al. 2010

Annals of Human Biology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Micronutrient deficiency disorders among the rural children of West Bengal, India

Arlappa

Laxmaiah

Balakrishna

et al. 2010

Annals of Human Biology

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“…However, the prevalence of ocular signs of VAD observed in Indian states is lower than the figures reported from other developing countries like Ethiopia (2?2 %) in Africa (32) . This may be due to the implementation of VAS.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…The prevalence of retinol concentrations ,20 mg/dl was highest in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Kerala compared with the remaining states. These figures are higher than those in other developing or underdeveloped countries like Sri Lanka (8?2 %) (34) , Columbia (14 %) (35) , Nigeria (29?5 %) (36) and Ethiopia (51 %) (32) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Laxmaiah

Nair

Arlappa

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the magnitude and determinants of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and coverage of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among pre-school children. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out by adopting a multistage, stratified, random sampling procedure. Setting: Rural areas of eight states in India. Subjects: Pre-school children and their mothers were covered. Results: A total of 71 591 pre-school children were clinically examined for ocular signs of VAD. Serum retinol concentrations in dried blood spots were assessed in a sub-sample of 3954 children using HPLC. The prevalence of Bitot spots was 0?8 %. The total ocular signs were significantly higher (P , 0?001) among boys (2?6 %) compared with girls (1?9 %) and in older children (3-4 years) compared (P , 0?001) with younger (1-2 years), and were also high in children of labourers, scheduled castes and illiterate mothers. The odds of having Bitot spots was highest in children of scheduled caste (OR 5 3?8; 95 % CI 2?9, 5?0), labourers (OR 5 2?9; 95 % CI 2?1, 3?9), illiterate mothers (OR 5 2?7; 95 % CI 2?2, 2?3) and households without a sanitary latrine (OR 5 5?9; 95 % CI 4?0, 8?7). Subclinical VAD (serum retinol level ,20 mg/dl) was observed in 62 % of children. This was also relatively high among scheduled caste and scheduled tribe children. The rate of coverage of VAS was 58 %. Conclusions: The study revealed that VAD is a major nutritional problem and coverage of VAS was poor. The important determinants of VAD were illiteracy, low socio-economic status, occupation and poor sanitation. Strengthening the existing VAS programme and focused attention on dietary diversification are essential for prevention of VAD.

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“…Globally, it is estimated that about 3 million children are clinically deficient and another 250 million experience subclinical deficiency . Severely depleted retinol stores are associated with visual impairment and blindness (Asrat et al, 2002;Congdon & West Jr, 2002;Oso et al, 2003). Low retinol stores are associated with an increased risk of severe illness, and even death, from such common childhood infections as diarrheal disease, respiratory infections and measles (Ahmed et al, 2000;D'Souza & D'Souza, 2002;Reyes et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Israeli-Bedouin toddlers

et al. 2004

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Objective: This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of and evaluate risk factors for subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Arab-Bedouin children at age 18 months, followed from birth. Design: Community-based, prospective, cohort study conducted in Rahat, a large Arab-Bedouin township, located near the city of Beer Sheva in the Negev region of southern Israel. Subjects: Healthy Bedouin infants (n¼117) from the township, born at Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) in Beer Sheva, were randomly recruited at birth. Enrollment was restricted to well infants born weighing 42500 g at birth.Results: More than 15% of the children had serum retinol concentrations below 0.7 mmol/l. Male sex (odds ratio (OR) 4.17 [1.14-15.32], P¼0.031), stunting at age 12 months (OR 10.09 [2.00-50.97], P¼0.05) and warm season at age 18 months .28], P¼0.018) were associated with vitamin A deficiency. Maternal education decreased the risk of vitamin A deficiency (OR 0.81 [0.68-0.95], P¼0.011). Conclusions: Study results indicate a significant vitamin A deficiency problem among Bedouin children. Deficiency may be prevented by increasing dietary intake of vitamin A, especially during the warm season. Other interventions include preventing and controlling diarrheal diseases in order to avert nutritional stunting, and providing nutritional education to women of childbearing age.

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Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among pre-school and school aged children in Arssi zone, Ethiopia

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Micronutrient deficiency disorders among the rural children of West Bengal, India

Micronutrient deficiency disorders among the rural children of West Bengal, India

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency in Israeli-Bedouin toddlers

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