Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Laxmaiah, Avula; Nair, Madhavan K.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Pullakhandam, Raghu; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Galreddy, Chitty; Kumar, Sharad; Ravindranath, M; Rao, Varaganti Vikas; Brahmam, G. N. V.

doi:10.1017/s136898001100214x

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…According to World Health Organization (WHO), Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) has affected about 190 million preschool-aged children and 19 million pregnant women, mostly in Africa and South-East Asia [1]. Prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is around 62% in preschool children in India [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-carotene Content of Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits Available in Delhi, India

Pritwani¹,

Mathur²

2017

J Nutr Food Sci

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Most of the vitamin A in the diet comes from plant food sources in developing countries. This study was designed with an objective of determining β-carotene content of a total of 26 types of green leafy vegetables, tubers, other vegetables and fruits obtained from four wholesale markets in Delhi, India using HPLC. There was a wide variation in β-carotene content of green leafy vegetables, with means ranging from 2199 µg/100 g in Basella rubra to 7753 µg/100 g in Amaranthus gangeticus. A large variation was observed in β-carotene content of fruits and the mango varieties tested, ranging from undetectable levels in strawberry and 808.60 µg/100 g in totapuri mango up to 11789 µg/100 g in alphonso mango. Approximately 65 g and 100 g of a green leafy vegetable would meet daily requirement of a preschooler and older child/adult respectively. Mango has considerable amount of β-carotene, and consuming a medium-sized bowl by preschool children would meet 99% of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The information generated is useful in identifying types of fruits and vegetables with higher concentration of the provitamin A in low income economies where fruits and vegetables are expensive. Individuals need to consume only small quantities of these vitamin A rich foods to meet daily requirement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-carotene Content of Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits Available in Delhi, India

Pritwani¹,

Mathur²

2017

J Nutr Food Sci

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“…Evidence shows that 42 % of Indian children 6-36 months old are not fed vitamin A-rich foods regularly and that the vast majority of children do not meet even 50 % of the recommended vitamin A dietary requirements because of poor diets (7,8,11,19,20) . UNICEF supported the data analyses and paper writing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

India's vitamin A supplementation programme is reaching the most vulnerable districts but not all vulnerable children. New evidence from the seven states with the highest burden of mortality among under-5s

Aguayo¹,

Bhattacharjee²,

Bhawani³

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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ObjectiveTo characterize the coverage of India's national vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programme and document its performance in reaching children in the districts with higher concentration of poor households (2006–2011).DesignAnalysis of VAS programme coverage data collated and collected using standardized bottom-up procedures, data from India's Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, and data from India's District Level Household Survey to compute exposure (poverty) and outcome (full VAS coverage) variables.SettingSeven Indian states with the highest burden of mortality in children (74 % of all deaths among under-5s in the country in 2006).SubjectsChildren 6–59 months old.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2011, the mean full VAS coverage (two VAS doses per child per year) in these seven states increased from 44·7 % to 67·3 % while the number of districts with high (≥80 %) full VAS coverage increased from twenty-four (9·4 %) to 131 (51·4 %). The highest increases in full VAS coverage figures were recorded in the districts with the highest concentration of poor households. The estimated number of poor children (i.e. children living in households classified as poor) who did not receive two VAS doses annually decreased from 8·5 million in 2006 to 5·1 million in 2011 (40·3 % decrease); 2·5 million (49·1 %) of these children lived in the districts with the lowest proportion of poor households.ConclusionsDespite significant improvements in VAS, a large number of Indian children are not benefitting yet from this life-protecting intervention, particularly among those who are potentially the most vulnerable. Future programme action needs to give priority to sub-district level units – blocks and villages – with higher concentrations of poor households.

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“…11 For the above purpose, the formula 4PQ/L 2 was used, where P=62, Q=38, and L=allowable error in P (12%). Thus, the sample size was worked out to be 172.…”

Section: Sample Size and Sampling Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns among students of health sciences and its association with morbidity in a private medical university of coastal Karnataka: a cross-sectional study

Badiger¹,

Kini²,

Kumar³

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background:In general students who get into health sciences experience transition from home and family care to university and hostel life, which in turn exerts lot of stress which affects their dietary pattern. Many life style factors and poor eating habits acquired during this period can lead to serious diseases later in life.Methods:The present study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study conducted to find out the dietary pattern among the students of health sciences and to know their health and morbidity status.Results:The study included 175 students of Nitte University with 93 Medical, 49 Dental, 33 nursing students. 75% of students who ate outside almost daily had stomach upsets regularly and it was much less (46.8%) among those who had a frequency of not more than once a week. It was seen that 87 (49.71%) students skipped breakfast, 14 (8%) students skipped lunch, 14 (8%) students skipped dinner. 5.7% of subjects were underweight, 85.2% of subjects had a normal BMI and 9.1% were overweight.Conclusions:Hereby we recommend that a nutritional health education intervention aimed at improving the dietary habits of students is the need of the hour.

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Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

β-carotene Content of Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits Available in Delhi, India

β-carotene Content of Some Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits Available in Delhi, India

India's vitamin A supplementation programme is reaching the most vulnerable districts but not all vulnerable children. New evidence from the seven states with the highest burden of mortality among under-5s

Dietary patterns among students of health sciences and its association with morbidity in a private medical university of coastal Karnataka: a cross-sectional study

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