Prevalence of Visual Impairment in the United States

Vitale, Susan; Cotch, Mary Frances; Sperduto, Robert D.

doi:10.1001/jama.295.18.2158

Cited by 316 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Other European studies usually have used best-corrected visual acuity and therefore cannot be compared with the present study (Klaver et al 1998;Gunnlaugsdottir et al 2008;Seland et al 2011). In the American NHANES study, performed in 1999-2002, prevalence of visual impairment (presenting visual acuity below 20/40) was 8.8% in subjects aged 60 years or more, which is much lower than the present study (Vitale et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Visual acuity thresholds associated with activity limitations in the elderly. The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age study

Daïen

Pérès

Villain

et al. 2014

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Activity limitations, which induce loss of autonomy in the elderly, are a major public health problem. We investigated the associations between objectively determined visual impairments and activity limitations and assessed the visual acuity thresholds associated with these restrictions. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1887 people aged 63 years and over from a population-based cohort. Moderate to severe visual impairment was defined as presenting visual acuity lower than 20/70, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. In addition, we studied mild visual impairment, defined as visual acuity [20/70-20/40]. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between vision and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations. Using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we identified visual acuity thresholds that maximized the Youden index ([sensitivity + specificity]À1) for predicting IADL limitations. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, moderate to severe visual impairment and mild visual impairment were strongly associated with IADL limitations (odds ratio [OR] = 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93, 6.32 and OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.91, respectively). Visual acuity was a strong predictor of IADL limitations, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.72 (95% CI = 0.68, 0.76). The best discrimination between subjects with or without IADL limitations (global, physical and cognitive) was obtained for visual acuities around 20/40-20/50. Conclusion: This study confirms major increased risk for IADL limitations in subjects with moderate to severe visual impairment. In addition, it suggests that milder visual impairments (in particular below 20/40) may also be related to an increased risk for IADL limitations and should be considered for early medical intervention, before the decline of the subject autonomy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Visual acuity thresholds associated with activity limitations in the elderly. The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age study

Daïen

Pérès

Villain

et al. 2014

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Prevalence studies have indicated that correctable visual impairment is a major cause of reduced vision in both developing 19,20 and developed countries. 21,22 When comparing the results of different studies, it should be noted that various definition of correctable visual impairment are used. For example, some studies have defined uncorrected refractive error as an improvement in visual acuity of at least two lines or more in the better eye with the best possible refractive correction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven-year incidence of uncorrected refractive error among an elderly Chinese population in Shihpai, Taiwan: The Shihpai Eye Study

Kuang

Liu

et al. 2016

Eye

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Purpose To report the 7-year incidence of uncorrected refractive error in a metropolitan Chinese elderly population. Methods The Shihpai Eye Study 2006 included 460/824 (55.8%) subjects (age range 72-94 years old) of 1361 participants in the 1999 baseline survey for a follow-up eye examination. Visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart, uncorrected refractive error was defined as presenting visual acuity (naked eye if without spectacles and with distance spectacles if worn) in the better eye of o6/12 that improved to no impairment (≥6/12) after refractive correction. Results The 7-year incidence of uncorrected refractive error was 10.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.6-13.4%). 92.7% of participants with uncorrection and 77.8% with undercorrection were able to improve at least two lines of visual acuity by refractive correction. In multivariate analysis controlling for covariates, uncorrected refractive error was significantly related to myopia (relative risk (RR): 3.15; 95% CI: 1.31-7.58) and living alone (RR: 2.94; 95% CI 1.14-7.53), whereas distance spectacles worn during examination was protective (RR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.88). Conclusion Our study indicated that the incidence of uncorrected refractive error was high (10.5%) in this elderly Chinese population. Living alone and myopia are predisposing factors, whereas wearing distance spectacles at examination is protective.

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“…In 2006, estimations showed that approximately 14 million visually-impaired Americans (12 years and older) experienced mental and physical challenges associated with loss of vision [8]. Many studies showed that during the developmental stage of children and adolescents with visual impairment, they continue becoming more vulnerable to life circumstances [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Training in Reducing Depression in Visually Impaired Male Students

Sefat

Younesi

Dadkhah

et al. 2017

IRJ

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Objectives: According to the prevalence of psychological problems, especially depression in people with visual impairment, this study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of group training of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing depression in visually impaired male students. Methods:This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population included 30 students with visual impairment from high school and pre-university levels. The subjects studied at the Martyr Mohebi School in Tehran which is for visually impaired students. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II was used as pre-test and post-test for both groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions (twice a week) of cognitive behavioral therapy while the control group followed their daily routine.Results: Data analysis was done using statistical software SPSS (version 21). ANCOVA test was performed to examine differences between the two groups. The findings of this study indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy training was significantly effective in reducing depressive symptoms of male students with visual impairment in the experimental group (P<0.01). Discussion:The findings demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy was significantly effective in improving depression of male students with visual impairment in experimental group. The group training needs to be adopted by medical practitioners on a cohort for validating its effectiveness on a larger scale.

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Prevalence of Visual Impairment in the United States

Abstract: Visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error is a common condition in the United States. Providing appropriate refractive correction to those individuals whose vision can be improved is an important public health endeavor with implications for safety and quality of life.

Cited by 316 publications

References 19 publications

Visual acuity thresholds associated with activity limitations in the elderly. The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age study

Visual acuity thresholds associated with activity limitations in the elderly. The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age study

Seven-year incidence of uncorrected refractive error among an elderly Chinese population in Shihpai, Taiwan: The Shihpai Eye Study

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Training in Reducing Depression in Visually Impaired Male Students

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