Objectives:One of the problems that the Internet has created is a virtual addiction or addiction to the global web world causing adverse psychological behavioral effects on the users. One of the groups at higher risk for Internet addiction is teenagers, and since Internet addiction will lead to academic failure in students, evaluating it among them and its relationship with signs of mental disorders seems necessary. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study Internet addiction and its relationship with the symptoms of mental disorders. Methods:This study was descriptive and correlational design. The sample population for the present study consisted of all male and female high school students of the academic year 2013-2014 in district 5 of Tehran. Among these individuals, a sample of 400 participants was randomly selected for analysis using cluster sampling method. To collect data, Internet addiction test and Brief Symptom Inventory were used, and data were analyzed using T-Test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results:The results showed that there is no significant difference between prevalence of Internet addiction in male and female high school students in district 5 of Tehran. However, there is a significant positive relationship between Internet addiction variables and symptoms of mental disorders and particularly, independent variables of psychosis and anxiety from the signs of mental disorders had a profound effect on Internet addiction. Discussion: Internet addiction causes negative effects on individuals. As prevention is better than treatment and according to this study, it is necessary to take this phenomenon into consideration as a psychological problem that often involves the younger generation who are responsible for future society construction and through education in families, schools and universities, the culture of proper use of computers, in particular the Internet and its facilities should be replaced with the false methods.

Objectives: According to the prevalence of psychological problems, especially depression in people with visual impairment, this study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of group training of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing depression in visually impaired male students. Methods:This study employed a quasi-experimental design, with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population included 30 students with visual impairment from high school and pre-university levels. The subjects studied at the Martyr Mohebi School in Tehran which is for visually impaired students. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II was used as pre-test and post-test for both groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions (twice a week) of cognitive behavioral therapy while the control group followed their daily routine.Results: Data analysis was done using statistical software SPSS (version 21). ANCOVA test was performed to examine differences between the two groups. The findings of this study indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy training was significantly effective in reducing depressive symptoms of male students with visual impairment in the experimental group (P<0.01). Discussion:The findings demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy was significantly effective in improving depression of male students with visual impairment in experimental group. The group training needs to be adopted by medical practitioners on a cohort for validating its effectiveness on a larger scale.

Objectives Deterministic thinking as a destructive factor in disrupting the balance of hope and fear plays an important role in mental health, especially depression and anxiety .This distortion is caused by cognitive inflexibility in the mind. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between deterministic thinking and depression and sense of loneliness in older adults. Methods & Materials The type of study was descriptive-correlational. The population included all the older adults over 60 years who were living in a nursing home in 2014-15 in Karaj. Of them, 142 individuals were selected (male and female) by available sampling method. They were then asked to respond to deterministic thinking questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and UCLA loneliness scale. The data collected were imported to AMOS software and analyzed by path analysis model. Results The results of the path analysis model showed that deterministic thinking has a significant and positive relationship with depression (P=0.001) and sense of loneliness variable (P=0.001). It also has a significant effect on the prediction of sense of loneliness and depression with effect size of 0.26 and 0.28, respectively. The mean age was 67.2 years for women and 65.4 years for men. The mean score deterministic thinking, sense of loneliness and depression in women and men respectively were 118/50, 70/80, and 12/55. Conclusion According to the results, it can be said that deterministic thinking has a significant relationship with depression and sense of loneliness in older adults. So, deterministic thinking acts as a predictor of depression and sense of loneliness in older adults. Therefore, psychological interventions for challenging cognitive distortion of deterministic thinking and attention to mental health in older adult are very important. by cognitive inflexibility in the mind and is, thus, one of the major causes of depression and other psychological incompatibilities [4,5]. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between deterministic thinking and depression and loneliness in the elderly. A B S T R A C T Methods & MaterialsThe present study was descriptive-correlational, and its population included all aged women and men over the age of 60 who were residents of Kahrizak Nursing center of Karaj in 2014-2015. A total of 142 elderly people (79 women and 63 men) were selected through the available sampling method and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria included those elderly who were members of the population protected and had files during the research period. Exclusion criteria included the transfer of individuals from one geographical area to another and death. The questionnaire was distributed among the participants, who were also interviewed by the researchers. From the ethical considerations of this research, it can be said that for all subjects, nature, the purpose and the confidentiality of the results were explained to the participants. In addition, they were explained that their name...

Objectives:The main purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training on increasing happiness of male adolescents with physical-mobility disability. Methods:In this study an experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and control group is used. All adolescents (boys) having disabled physical mobility from all the high schools in southern parts of Tehran in the year 2012-2103 were our statistical community. Among them, 16 students were selected by two-stage sampling, including purposive sampling and random sampling. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. Positive thinking skills were performed in 8 sessions of 45 minutes each (twice a week) for the experimental group. In this study, happiness questionnaire was used for collecting data. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Statistical Package for Social Science 16 (SPSS 16) programs were used for statistical analysis. Results:Results of the analysis indicated that positive thinking skills training had a significant and positive effect on increasing happiness of adolescents with impaired physical mobility in the experimental group (P<0.01).Discussion: Positive thinking skills training can increase the happiness scores of adolescents with disabled physical mobility. Thus, we can say that method used in this study can be appropriate for psycho-educational interventions and counseling of physical mobility disabled male students.

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