Abstract:Campylobacter jejuni isolates of different origins (bovine, broiler meat, human) were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 4 genes cdtB, cst-II, ggt, and virB11, previously linked to virulence such as adherence, invasion, colonization, molecular mimicry, and cytotoxin production. In addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of the global gene regulator csrA linked to oxidative stress responses, biofilms formation, and cell adhesion. All the C. jejuni isolates were positive for … Show more
“…Previous studies reported a high prevalence of pld A gene in Campylobacter isolates such as 100% for pld A gene was reported by Frazão et al, . Relatively low prevalence (11.25%) of vir B11 gene was found in C. jejuni which was in accordance with previous reports (González‐Hein, Huaracán, García, & Figueroa, ; Wieczorek, Szewczyk, & Osek, ).…”
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from retail chicken meat. The identification of Campylobacter isolates and the presence of virulence factor were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, clove oil, cinnamon, and turmeric extracts were evaluated for the antimicrobial potential against Campylobacter isolates. Out of 200 chicken meat samples, 80 (40%) samples were found contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni. Antibacterial susceptibility testing indicated that out of 80 isolates 60 (75%) were resistant to tetracycline followed by 31 (38.75%) to ciprofloxacin, 12 (15%) to ampicillin, 8 (10%) to erythromycin, and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to chloramphenicol. Clove oil and cinnamon extract showed antibacterial potential against Campylobacter isolates. Furthermore, all the 80 isolates (100%) were found positive for virulence genes (cadF, flaA, and dnaJ). The presence of antibacterial resistance and virulence factors in C. jejuni highlighted the risk associated with retail poultry meat.
Practical applications
Campylobacter jejuni is associated with foodborne illnesses such as gastrointestinal intestinal complications. This study demonstrated that raw chicken meat should be subjected to pretreatment to avoid the foodborne illnesses associated with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Campylobacter jejuni. Moreover, the use of antibiotics should be strictly monitored in developing countries to avoid the emergence of multidrug‐resistant pathogens.
“…Previous studies reported a high prevalence of pld A gene in Campylobacter isolates such as 100% for pld A gene was reported by Frazão et al, . Relatively low prevalence (11.25%) of vir B11 gene was found in C. jejuni which was in accordance with previous reports (González‐Hein, Huaracán, García, & Figueroa, ; Wieczorek, Szewczyk, & Osek, ).…”
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from retail chicken meat. The identification of Campylobacter isolates and the presence of virulence factor were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, clove oil, cinnamon, and turmeric extracts were evaluated for the antimicrobial potential against Campylobacter isolates. Out of 200 chicken meat samples, 80 (40%) samples were found contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni. Antibacterial susceptibility testing indicated that out of 80 isolates 60 (75%) were resistant to tetracycline followed by 31 (38.75%) to ciprofloxacin, 12 (15%) to ampicillin, 8 (10%) to erythromycin, and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to chloramphenicol. Clove oil and cinnamon extract showed antibacterial potential against Campylobacter isolates. Furthermore, all the 80 isolates (100%) were found positive for virulence genes (cadF, flaA, and dnaJ). The presence of antibacterial resistance and virulence factors in C. jejuni highlighted the risk associated with retail poultry meat.
Practical applications
Campylobacter jejuni is associated with foodborne illnesses such as gastrointestinal intestinal complications. This study demonstrated that raw chicken meat should be subjected to pretreatment to avoid the foodborne illnesses associated with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Campylobacter jejuni. Moreover, the use of antibiotics should be strictly monitored in developing countries to avoid the emergence of multidrug‐resistant pathogens.
“…The occurrence of the virB11 gene was a marker for the plasmid pVir, which is associated with invasiveness. It should be noted that the distribution pattern of virB11 in the C. jejuni isolates was 3/25 (12%) which was higher than that determined by González-Hein et al (2013) and closely similar to the findings of Van Deun et al (2013). Concerning the existence of cytotoxin genes, our study confirmed that cdtA was present in all the C. jejuni isolates, confirming the widespread of cytotoxin genes in poultry isolates as demonstrated by Rozynek et al (2005) and Van Deun et al (2007).…”
Poultry are considered the primary source of Campylobacter species infections in people. We aimed to detect various virulence factors of Campylobacter species, using PCR and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance patterns, in a total of 350 samples collected from chickens: 300 samples from dead birds with postmortem lesions, 50 from normal birds. Overall, 170/350 (48.57%) were culture positive for Campylobacter species Among these, 25 (14.7%) isolates were identified as C. jejuni and five (2.94%) as C. coli. All 25 isolates of C. jejuni were confirmed by the presence of 23S rRNA and the species-specific gene mapA; the five C. coli isolates were confirmed by the presence of ceuE. Simplex and multiplex PCR protocols were used to analyze the C. jejuni isolates for the presence of six putative virulence genes: the flagellum encoding gene flaA, the invasion-associated genes iamA and virB11, and the cytotoxin genes cdtA, B and C. These were identified in 3/25 (12%), 2/25 (8%), 3/25 (12%), 25/25 (100%), 0/25 (0.0%), and 0/25 (0.0%), respectively. Among the five C. coli isolates, two (40%) harbored virB11. The 30 Campylobacter isolates were classified into seven groups according to the exhibited antimicrobial resistance patterns, both species expressed high indices of antimicrobial resistance (0.67-0.89). The most effective antimicrobial against both species was amikacin while ciprofloxacin and doxycycline were effective against C. jejuni. Hence, both C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from diseased or healthy poultry constitute a public health concern because of the harbored virulence genes and high resistance to antimicrobials.
“…These authors point out that the lack of cytotoxicity found among strains with pathogenicity determinants may result from low toxin production. According to Jain et al (2008) and Gonzalez-Hein et al (2014), this is CdtB cytotoxin subunit encoded by cdtB gene that plays an essential role in exerting a toxic effect on cells. This is reflected by own studies, which reported no cytotoxic effect of the cell-free supernatants of three C. jejuni isolates from cattle and having only cdtA and cdtC genes.…”
The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxin production by Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered cattle and swine in north-eastern Poland. In total three commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during one year. Carcass swabs were taken to detect the level of Campylobacter spp. contamination. Campylobacter spp. was found in 50 (34%) out of 147 swine carcasses examined. PCR analysis revealed 4 (8%) isolates to be C. jejuni, and 46 (92%) to be C. coli. From a total of 373 bovine carcasses, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (13.1%) samples. The results regarding the occurrence of cdt genes associated with cytotoxicity indicated that 100% of C. jejuni and 67.4% C. coli obtained from pigs had all three cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes. In case of C. jejuni strains isolated from cattle all cdt genes were confirmed in 93.9% isolates. The isolates possessesing all cdt genes had higher cytotoxic activity against cell lines used. The isolates both from cattle and swine were characterized by the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. The values obtained reached 80.8% for C. jejuni isolates from cattle and 76.2% for C. jejuni and 69.0% for C. coli isolates from swine. High prevalence of cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. indicates a significant epidemiological role of this pathogen in human infections.
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