Determination of the cytotoxic activity of Campylobacter strains isolated from bovine and swine carcasses in north-eastern Poland

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxin production by Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered cattle and swine in north-eastern Poland. In total three commercial slaughterhouses were sampled during one year. Carcass swabs were taken to detect the level of Campylobacter spp. contamination. Campylobacter spp. was found in 50 (34%) out of 147 swine carcasses examined. PCR analysis revealed 4 (8%) isolates to be C. jejuni, and 46 (92%) to be C. coli. From a total of 373 bovine carcasses, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49 (13.1%) samples. The results regarding the occurrence of cdt genes associated with cytotoxicity indicated that 100% of C. jejuni and 67.4% C. coli obtained from pigs had all three cdtA, cdtB and cdtC genes. In case of C. jejuni strains isolated from cattle all cdt genes were confirmed in 93.9% isolates. The isolates possessesing all cdt genes had higher cytotoxic activity against cell lines used. The isolates both from cattle and swine were characterized by the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. The values obtained reached 80.8% for C. jejuni isolates from cattle and 76.2% for C. jejuni and 69.0% for C. coli isolates from swine. High prevalence of cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. indicates a significant epidemiological role of this pathogen in human infections.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter isolates from milk and wastewater in Hatay, Turkey

“…Different from our study, WIECZOREK & OSEK (2008) and ROZYNEK et al (2005) reported cadF gene at most in their isolates. Similary, MARTINEZ et al (2006), RIPABELLI et al (2010), GONZALEZ-HEIN et al (2013), WYSOK et al (2015a detected high prevalence of the cdt genes which are responsible for cytotoxin production. Finally, these results also indicated that cdt genes are widespread among human and animal isolates in different countries.…”

“…This is because of Campylobacter species are thermophilic and adapt to poultry body temperature, poultry can easily become contaminated with this pathogen during slaughter and carcass dressing. However, previous studies reported the prevalence of Campylobacter in bovine carcass samples ranging from 9.5% (KASHOMA et al, 2016), to 10.5% (WYSOK et al, 2015b) and 13.1% (WYSOK et al, 2015a). Also, WESLEY et al (2000) isolated Campylobacter from dairy cattle fecal samples at a level of 39.5%, indicating that milk contamination may originate from fecal contamination during milking.…”

“…Similary, C. jejuni was isolated as the most common species in many studies, followed by C. coli (ZANETTI et al, 1996;WHYTE et al, 2004;HUSSAIN et al, 2007;BARDOŇ et al, 2011;WIECZOREK & OSEK, 2015;ZENDEHBAD et al, 2015). C. coli is frequently isolated from pork (QIN et al, 2011;GHIMIRE et al, 2014;WYSOK et al, 2015a;WYSOK et al, 2015b). Although, the lower rates were detected in raw milk and dairy products (WHYTE et al, 2004;HUSSAIN et al, 2007;BIANCHI et al, 2013;MODI et al, 2015;BERTASI et al, 2016;CHRISTIDIS et al, 2016) (2016) demonstrated a 27.3%, 20%, 17.2%, 13.4% prevalence of Campylobacter in milk samples, respectively.…”

“…Fluoroquinolones and macrolides are frequently used in the treatment of campylobacteriosis, so that an increased level of resistance to these antimicrobials is observed in Campylobacter (PEZZOTTI et al, 2003;PÉREZ-BOTO et al, 2010;QIN et al, 2011;DI GIANNATALE et al, 2014;WIECZOREK et al, 2015;ZENDEHBAD et al, 2015) Since the poultry and poultry meat are the most important sources of Campylobacter infections, many authors have studied the prevalence of Campylobacter on poultry in different countries (ZANETTI et al, 1996;DOMÍNGUEZ et al, 2002;PEZZOTTI et al, 2003;YANG et al, 2003;WHYTE et al, 2004;HUSSAIN et al, 2007;BARDOŇ et al, 2011;ZENDEHBAD et al, 2015;ZHONG et al, 2016). Also, recently there are a lots of reports regarding isolation of Campylobacter from raw milk and slaughter animals (GONZALEZ-HEIN et al, 2013;DI GIANNATALE et al, 2014;WYSOK et al, 2015a;WYSOK et al, 2015b;KALMUS et al, 2015;BERTASI et al, 2016;KASHOMA et al, 2016). But, searches in order to get more information about virulence mechanism and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter from these sources (raw milk, wastewater) are still limited.…”

Tetracycline Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Subtypes Emanating from Beef Cattle Administered Non-Therapeutic Chlortetracycline are Longitudinally Transmitted within the Production Continuum but are Not Detected in Ground Beef

“…The degree to which the consumption of beef contaminated with viable C. jejuni contributes to disease in SWA and elsewhere is currently unknown. A number of studies have conducted snapshot examinations of C. jejuni associated with carcasses [14][15][16][17] and retail beef [18][19][20][21], but few have longitudinally examined the transmission of C. jejuni subtypes throughout the beef production continuum to date, or examined the risk posed to people. Our research and that of others has shown that only a subset of C. jejuni subtypes are associated with human infections.…”