Prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children aged below 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose Wasting and underweight are the 2 main indicators of children’s undernutrition. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition at the national level in Iran.Methods We performed a search for original articles published in international and Iranian databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran during January 1989–August 2017. Seven keywords, in English and Persian, including malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition, growth disorders, underweight wasting, weight loss, children below 5 years old, and children, were used to search the databases.Results Finally, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis, based on which the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children were estimated to be 11% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of underweight among children in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 24%, 5%, 20%, 17%, and 6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 9%, 4%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively.Conclusion Although the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iran was low, some parts of the country showed high prevalence. The main reason behind this difference in the prevalence of malnutrition may be due to the level of development in different regions.

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Studies have generally reported that sex-based differences may be due to various factors, such as differences in nutritional status, hormone levels, physiological and behavioral characters, and socioeconomic status. Cultural differences and sex-based differences can affect a child’s nutritional status, health, and care [34,38-42]. In the present study, the attitude of the Iranian people towards obesity and overweight in boys and girls and their degree of sensitivity to fitness can explain the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys than in girls because obesity and overweight are less socially acceptable in girls than in boys [43].…”