Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Mansori, Kamyar; Khateri, Sorour; Moradi, Yousef; Khazaei, Zaher; Mirzaei, Hossein; Hanis, Shiva Mansouri; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran; Ranjbaran, Mehdi; Varse, Fatemeh; Parang, Serveh

doi:10.3345/kjp.2018.07255

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sex and regional disparities exist in child malnutrition. In present study, we found that the prevalence of child stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity were higher among boys than girls in China, which is in accordance with the worldwide nutrition trends based on 2416 population-based measurement studies [24], as well as the studies in European [25,26], American [27], African [28,29], and Asian [30][31][32][33] countries. Consistent with results from other studies [34,35], we found girls have a higher prevalence of underweight in China.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Child Nutrition Trends Over the Past Two Decades and Challenges for Achieving Nutrition SDGs and National Targets in China

Yang

Huang

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: The objectives of the current study were to identify the trends in child nutrition, the gaps in achieving child nutrition-related goals, and implications for program and policy options for the Chinese government. Methods: Eight child nutrition-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and China's national nutrition plans, and two datasets, Global Burden of Disease 2016 and Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance, were used in our analysis. Results: Over the past 26 years, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight for children under 5 years was reduced by 58.7%, 53.4%, and 69.2%, respectively. Overweight for children aged 1-4 years increased 88.9% and obesity increased 2.14 times. Exclusive breastfeeding of newborns (7-28 days) was stable, at about 30%. We estimated child wasting would be 3.0% lower than the target of 5.0% based on predictive values for meeting the SDGs in 2025. The number of stunted children under five years would be reduced by 39.7%, while overweight would increase 2.2% throughout China. Conclusion: These results highlight the urgent need for targeted policies and interventions to reduce child stunting and overweight and increase exclusive breastfeeding to improve child health and meet the SDG targets and China's national goals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Child Nutrition Trends Over the Past Two Decades and Challenges for Achieving Nutrition SDGs and National Targets in China

Yang

Huang

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Overall about 3 % of Ghanaian children under 5 years were reported overweight in Ghana demography and health survey 2014 (22) which is consistent with the finding of the present study. However, other previous studies reported a higher prevalence of overweight/ obesity among preschool children in developing countries including Ghana as compared to the present study (25) , China (26) , Ethiopia (27) , Lebanon (28) , Iran (29) and Vietnam (30) .…”

Section: Prevalence Of Childhood Overweight/obesitycontrasting

confidence: 91%

Relationship between caesarean section delivery and risk of overweight/obesity among children aged 6–23 months in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana

Sulley

Saaka

2022

J Nutr Sci

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The recent exponential increase in caesarean section (CS) rates in many countries including Ghana requires an understanding of the potential long-term consequences on child health. The present study investigated the relationship between CS delivery and risk of childhood overweight/obesity. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in Ghana. Using multi-stage sampling, 553 mother–child pairs aged 6–23 months were selected from ten health facilities during child welfare clinic (CWC) services. We assessed the association between delivery mode (caesarean v. vaginal) and subsequent body mass index for age (BMI/age Z-score) using hierarchical multivariable linear regression analysis. The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI/age Z-score > +2 sd) in children was 3⋅6 %. After adjusting for maternal gestational weight gain, macrosomia and child feeding practices, children who were born through CS had mean BAZ which was 0⋅105 standard units significantly higher than their colleagues who were delivered through normal vaginal [beta coefficient (β) 0⋅105, (95 % CI 0⋅03, 0⋅55)]. CS birth was also associated with 3⋅2 times higher odds of overweight/obesity than vaginal delivery (AOR 3⋅23; 95 % CI 1⋅14, 9⋅13). Consequently, CS delivery was associated positively with increased body mass (adiposity) in the study sample. The association between CS delivery and risk of childhood obesity was attenuated after adjusting for macrosomia. These results would be important for informing clinicians and expectant mothers in considering CS delivery.

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“…Regarding overweight’s prevalence, our rate (16.8%) was higher than the regional UNICEF data (7.7%) [ 11 ], Iran (1.23% in 2018) [ 59 ], Jordan (4.7%) [ 35 ], Iraq (9%) [ 11 ], Kuwait (7.1%) [ 11 ], Oman (4.8%) [ 11 ], Saudi Arabia (7.6%) [ 11 ], Palestine (8.5%) [ 11 ], Yemen (2.7%) [ 11 ], Sudan (2.14%) [ 37 ], Algeria (12.9%) [ 11 ], Qatar (13.9%) [ 11 ], and Bahrain (6.4%) [ 11 ], and lower than Egypt (17.8%) [ 11 ], the Syrian Arab Republic (18.2%) [ 11 ], and Tunisia (16.5%) [ 11 ]. Concerning obesity’s prevalence, our findings (8.9%) were higher than Sudan (0.85%) [ 37 ], Jordan (4.7%) [ 35 ], and Iran (8% in 2017) [ 64 ]. In total, the regional average prevalence of overweight and obesity in 2018 (8.69%) [ 60 ] was lower than that reported in our study (12.85%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Correlates of Sub-Optimal Feeding Practices among under-5 Children amid Escalating Crises in Lebanon: A National Representative Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Sub-optimal feeding practices among under-5 children are the major drivers of malnutrition. This study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and complementary feeding practices among under 5 children amid the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the economic and the political crises in Lebanon. A nationally representative stratified random sample of mother–child dyads (n = 511) was collected from households using a stratified cluster sampling design. The survey inquired about infant’s feeding and complementary feeding practices using a valid questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the mother and child were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the determinants associated with under-5 children’s practices. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obese children was 0.5%, 8.4%, 6.7%, 16.8% and 8.9%, respectively. In total, among under-5 children, the prevalence of ever breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and bottle feeding at birth was 95.1%, 59.1% and 25.8%, respectively. Half the children in this study started solid foods between 4 and 6 months. Regression analysis showed that supporting breastfeeding at hospital (aOR = 8.20, 95% CI (3.03–22.17)) and husband’s support (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI (1.9–4.92)) were associated with increased breastfeeding odds. However, mother’s occupation (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.55–0.58)) was inversely associated with breastfeeding practices. Male children (aOR = 2.119, 95% CI (1.37–3.27), mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.35–0.95)), and bottle feeding at hospital (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.32–0.77)) were more likely to induce early initiation of solid foods at 4 months of age. This study demonstrated non-negligible rates of malnutrition, low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, and high rates of early introduction of formula feeding and solid foods among Lebanese under-5-children amid escalating crises.

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Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Child Nutrition Trends Over the Past Two Decades and Challenges for Achieving Nutrition SDGs and National Targets in China

Child Nutrition Trends Over the Past Two Decades and Challenges for Achieving Nutrition SDGs and National Targets in China

Relationship between caesarean section delivery and risk of overweight/obesity among children aged 6–23 months in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana

Correlates of Sub-Optimal Feeding Practices among under-5 Children amid Escalating Crises in Lebanon: A National Representative Cross-Sectional Study

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