Prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in tennessee bulls

Okafor, Chika C.; Strickland, L.G.; Jones, Brittni M.; Kania, Stephen A.; Anderson, David E.; Whitlock, Brian K

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.024

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The effort of PCE to control both diseases has also been able to decrease persistent cases of BT and BGC. The initial prevalence of both diseases was generally lower than those reported in other endemic areas in Asia, Australia, North America, South America and South Africa [ 4 , 9 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. A prevalence of 37% for BGC was reported in Uruguay, while no herds were found to be positive to BT [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

et al. 2018

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The venereal diseases bovine trichomoniasis (BT) and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) cause economic losses in endemic areas like La Pampa province in Argentina where beef cattle are usually extensively managed. This study used data compiled between 2007 and 2014 by a Provincial Program for the Control and Eradication of venereal diseases in order to develop and analyze retrospective models of time series for BT and BGC. Seasonality and long-term trend were explored with decomposition and simple regression methods. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models (ARIMA) were used to fit univariate models for the prevalence and persistence of BT and BGC. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variable models (ARIMAX) were used to analyze the association between different time series, replacement entries and herd samplings. The prevalence and persistence of BT and BGC have decreased from 2007 to 2014. All the BT and BGC time series are seasonal and their long-term trend is decreasing. Seasonality of BT and BGC is similar, with higher rates of detection in autumn-winter than is spring-summer. Prevalence and persistence time series are correlated, indicating their changes are synchronic and follow a similar time pattern. Prevalence of BT and BGC showed the best fitting with the ARIMA (0,0,1)(0,1,1)12 model. While for persistence of BT and BGC, the best adjustment was with the same model with no seasonal difference where the current number of cases depends on the moving averages of the month and the previous season. Including covariates improve the fitting of univariate models, in addition, estimations using ARIMAX models are more precise than using ARIMA models. The time distribution of the samplings could be increasing the false negative ratio. According to the obtained results, the ARIMA and ARIMAX models can be considered an option to predict the BT and BGC prevalence and persistence in La Pampa (Argentina).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

et al. 2018

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“…highly efficient, with up to 95% of females becoming infected after a single mating [6] [7] [8]. Economic impacts of T. foetus on a herd include loss of income from fewer and lighter-weight calves to market at weaning, loss of genetic potential from culled animals, costs of replacing infected bulls, laboratory fees for diagnostic testing, and feed costs for non-productive animals [1] [7] [9]. No approved treatments exist to clear the infection; consequently, identification and removal of infected bulls is the best way to minimize T. foetus impacts…”

Section: Transmission Of T Foetus To Cows Primarily Occurs During Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity have greatly improved the analytical detection of T. foetus [10] [11]. Pre-analytical sample handling, however, can account for up to 62% of diagnostic errors and it is critical to address sample collection and transport when evaluating diagnostic accuracy [9] [12]. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the presence of biological materials that are commonly present in bull preputial samples on the PCR detection accuracy of T. foetus utilizing three different collection media.…”

Section: Transmission Of T Foetus To Cows Primarily Occurs During Brmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biological Materials and Collection Media on PCR Detection of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i>

Clothier¹,

Nabb²,

Torain³

et al. 2019

OJAS

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Tritrichomonas foetus is an important pathogen of the bovine reproductive tract causing early embryonic death and abortion in cows and persistent, asymptomatic infection in bulls. PCR detection methods have greatly enhanced diagnostic accuracy over culture; however, pre-analytical sample handling is just as critical as technical performance in detecting this pathogen and is not well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biological materials present in the prepuce on PCR detection of T. foetus in a variety of collection media. Simulated preputial samples were created using InPouch TM (IP) media, lactated ringers solution (LRS), or sterile saline (SAL); inoculated with low numbers of one of three T. foetus strains; and spiked with either blood, semen, urine, or sham treatment. Samples were transported to the lab, placed in growth media (LRS and SAL samples), incubated, and tested for T. foetus by PCR. Samples containing urine had statistically significantly greater mean Ct values (P = 0.008) than samples containing other materials, seen most dramatically in IP (P < 0.0001.) Urine contamination resulted in significantly (P = 0.037) fewer samples being identified as "positive" for T. foetus. Overall, SAL collections also had significantly higher mean Ct than IP or LRS (P < 0.001), and were less likely (P = 0.018) to results in classification as a "positive" sample. Results of this study indicate that collection media and biological materials can affect T. foetus PCR detection. The presence of urine in preputial samples can result in false negative results, while blood had no detrimental effects.

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted human venereal disease that is most often detected in women and that does not appear to decrease with age, reaching a maximum rate in 48-to 51-year old women [25]. Tritrichomonas foetus protozoa strains cause the related sexually transmitted disease bovine trichomoniasis in cattle and pigs [26,27], and intestinal Interest in anthraquinones arises from the fact that they are reported to have multiple potential health benefits in cells and in vivo, including antibiotic [1,4,7,8], anticancer [2,[9][10][11], antidiabetic [4], antifungal [12], anti-inflammatory [13], anti-obesity [14], antioxidative [13,15], antiprotozoal [16][17][18], antiviral [19], cardioprotective [20], hepatoprotective [21], and neuroprotective [22] properties. Emodin and aloe-emodin are already widely used as stimulant laxatives sold in pharmacies to treat constipation [6,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

Friedman

Lee

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Plant-derived anthraquinones were evaluated in cell assays for their inhibitory activities against the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis human strain G3 that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis in women, Tritrichomonas foetus bovine strain D1 that causes sexually transmitted diseases in farm animals (bulls, cows, and pigs), Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that causes diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs), and bacteria and fungi. The anthraquinones assessed for their inhibitory activity were anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone). Their activities were determined in terms of IC50 values, defined as the concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions and calculated from linear dose response plots for the parasitic protozoa, and zone of inhibition for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results show that the different substituents on the anthraquinone ring seem to influence the relative potency. Analysis of the structure–activity relationships in protozoa indicates that the aloe-emodin and chrysazin with the highest biological activities merit further study for their potential to help treat the diseases in women and domestic and farm animals. Emodin also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The suggested mechanism of action and the additional reported beneficial biological properties of anthraquinones suggest that they have the potential to ameliorate a broad spectrum of human diseases.

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Prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in tennessee bulls

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

Effects of Biological Materials and Collection Media on PCR Detection of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i>

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

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Prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in tennessee bulls

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

Time series analysis of bovine venereal diseases in La Pampa, Argentina

Effects of Biological Materials and Collection Media on PCR Detection of &lt;i&gt;Tritrichomonas foetus&lt;/i&gt;

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

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Effects of Biological Materials and Collection Media on PCR Detection of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i>