Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Li, Guojian; Liang, Shujia; Harrison, Tim J.; Tang, Zhenzhu; Shen, Zhiyong; Wang, Xueyan; Wu, Xinghua; Liu, Wei; Liang, Fuxiong; Feng, Liushuai; Yang, Jin-Ye; Fang, Zhong-Liao

doi:10.1159/000362366

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the current study, no drug resistance mutations were assessed in the NNRTI class among naïve patients; there is a concordance between this result and 2 previous studies [10,22]. However, the result is inconsistent with other studies reporting NNRTI mutations in naïve patients [1,23]. It seems that further research is needed to uncover the most likely reason for this incompatibility.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

Farrokhi

Moallemi²,

Baesi³

et al. 2016

Intervirology

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Background: Increasing the accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has caused the emergence of drug resistance in patients receiving ART and in naïve patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate HIV subtype and drug resistance between naïve patients and ART-experienced patients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 78 antiretroviral and naïve HIV-1 patients; antiretroviral-resistant mutations and subtyping were then determined by sequencing pol regions. Results: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 96.1% of sequences belong to the CRF35-AD subtype. Transmitted drug resistance was determined in 14% of drug-naïve patients and 40% of ART-experienced patients. Conclusion: The findings of this study illustrated the importance of resistance testing before and during ART treatment. This study can be used to set up a best medicine strategy in Iranian guidelines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

Farrokhi

Moallemi²,

Baesi³

et al. 2016

Intervirology

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“…In this study, the overall TDR prevalence among newly diagnosed ART-naïve individuals in Lingshan County was 5.5%, reaching a moderate level according to the WHO SDRM list, which is slightly higher than those previously estimated in the whole of Guangxi (4.6% in 2009 and 3.3% in 2012–2013) [40, 42]. It has been reported that transmission clusters contribute to the spread of TDR in relatively closed populations [43, 44].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…In this study, three genotypes, including CRF08_BC, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC, were identified among ART-naïve patients. Among them, CRF08_BC was the dominant subtype (70.6%) followed by CRF01_AE (24.4%), which is also quite different from the genotype distribution in China and Guangxi, where CRF01_AE has been the dominant subtype for several years [38-40]. However, the predominance of CRF08_BC in IDUs was also found in other places with a high prevalence of drug use in China, for example Zhaotong City in Yunnan [41] and Baise City in Guangxi [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, CRF08_BC was the dominant subtype (70.6%) followed by CRF01_AE (24.4%), which is also quite different from the genotype distribution in China and Guangxi, where CRF01_AE has been the dominant subtype for several years [38-40]. However, the predominance of CRF08_BC in IDUs was also found in other places with a high prevalence of drug use in China, for example Zhaotong City in Yunnan [41] and Baise City in Guangxi [40]. The above results indicate that Lingshan County is still in a relatively closed region for HIV transmission, with the transmission route roughly equally attributed to IDU and heterosexual contact, which enabled the investigation of the effect of IDU on TDR prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients

et al. 2018

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Objectives: The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-naïve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The pol gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. Results: Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (F = 21.814, p < 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (F = 1.420, p = 0.439). Conclusions: Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.

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“…The subtype distribution in Guangxi is approximately 75% CRF01AE and 25% B or BC recombinants. [8][9][10] Previous research in Thailand estimated that the FRR was 0% using a cutoff of 1.0 OD-n for 128 samples from CRF01_AE-infected subjects. 4 Additionally, individuals infected with subtype B and C historically have a low FRR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: Low False Recent Rate of Limiting-Antigen Avidity Assay Among Long-Term Infected Subjects from Guangxi, China

Laeyendecker

Wendel

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Assays used for HIV cross-sectional incidence testing can misclassify some individuals with nonrecent HIV infection as recently infected, overestimating HIV incidence. We analyzed the frequency and factors associated with false-recent misclassification on subjects from Quangxi, China known to have long-term infection using the limited antigen-avidity assay (LAg-Avidity). Stored samples from treatment-naive individuals from Guangxi, China were tested using the LAg-Avidity. A total of 362 samples from individuals known to be infected 2 to 13.5 years were tested and the false-recent rate (FRR), the frequency of samples with a positive result, was determined at different cutoff values of the assay. Additionally, factors associated with misclassification were determined. The FRR of the LAg-Avidity was 1.1% (4/362) using a cutoff of 1.5 normalized optical density units (OD-n). All four samples had viral loads >1,000 copies/ml. Using a cutoff of 3.0 OD-n the FRR was 5.5% (20/362), with four samples having viral loads <1,000 copies/ml. Factors associated with a higher odds of misclassification were female gender (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.0-56.4) and being a female sex worker (OR 31.3,. At the higher cutoff, being of Zhuang decent, relative to Han, had higher odds of misclassification (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.99-19.0). The LAg-Avidity assay had a low FRR in this Chinese population. Further investigations of the higher frequency of low LAg-Avidity results seen in female sex workers and individuals of Zhuang descent should be explored in a larger study.

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Prevalence of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Remains Low in Guangxi, China, Eight Years after Scale-Up of Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

HIV Drug Resistance and Phylogeny Profile in Naïve and Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Tehran, Iran

No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV Patients

Short Communication: Low False Recent Rate of Limiting-Antigen Avidity Assay Among Long-Term Infected Subjects from Guangxi, China

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