Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slaughtered Pigs in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Fernandes, Erika Fernanda Torres Samico; Fernandes, Marcela Fernanda Torres Samico; Kim, Pomy C.P.; Albuquerque, Pedro Paulo Feitosa de; Neto, Orestes Luiz de Souza; Santos, André de Souza; Moraes, Érica Paes Barreto Xavier de; Morais, Eduardo Guelfer Ferrer de; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

doi:10.1645/ge-3032.1

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of the infection was found to be 32.1%. The result of the present study was much higher than the reports from Brazil (12.5%) using indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) [35], Central Italy (16.14%) using IFAT [36], Southern Italy (16.3%) [37] using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Serbia (9.2%) [38] and Portugal (15.6%) [39] using modified agglutination test (MAT). In contrast, the present result was lower than the report from Egypt (56.6%) using MAT [40].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report on seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Central Ethiopia

et al. 2015

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is one of the most widely prevalent cyst forming Apicomplexan parasites with significant impact on animal production particularly in sheep, goats and pigs. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs. A systematic random sampling technique was used to collect 402 blood samples from pigs in Central Ethiopia. Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) was used to test sera. A questionnaire survey was made to assess potential risk factors and knowledge of farm attendants about toxoplasmosis.ResultsAn overall seroprevalence of 32.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 27.6%-36.9%] was found. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that extensively managed pigs (39.7%) are nearly twice (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:=1.91, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.63) at higher risk of acquiring toxoplasmosis than intensively managed pigs (30.5%). Pigs supplied with feed containing animal byproducts had nearly four times (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.01, 7.36) higher risk of acquiring T. gondii infection. Most of the farm attendants had little knowledge of health risks due to cats, neither to human nor to animals. Absence of rodent control, high neonatal mortality and history of abortion were found among herds of the studied pig farms.ConclusionsT. gondii infections in pigs are wide spread. Extensive management systems and pig feed types containing animal byproducts are independent predictors of T. gondii seropositivity. The high seroprevalence suggests that pigs might serve as an important source of T. gondii infection for people. This is the first report of seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in pigs in Ethiopia. Further studies are warranted for designing appropriate prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

First report on seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Central Ethiopia

et al. 2015

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“…The overall detection rate of T. gondii was 18.9% (1033/5462). This result is similar to detection rates in eastern China by PCR methods (18.03% or 75/416) [33] [39] and Brazil (12.5% or 38/296) [40] but lower than that reported in Mexico (50.8% or 218/429) [41] and Italy (57.1% or 12/21) [42]. The signi cant difference in the prevalence of T. gondii infection may come from the geographical distribution, animal species, or different detection methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An alternative PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene

He¹,

Zhou²,

Sun³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, can infect all warm-blooded animals. Infected swine are considered one of the most important sources of T. gondii infection in humans. Rapidly and effectively diagnosing T. gondii infection in swine is essential. PCR-based diagnostic tests have been fully developed, and very sensitive and specific PCR is crucial for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. Methods To established a high specificity and sensitivity PCR detection method for swine toxoplasmosis, we used T. gondii GRA14 gene as target to design specific primers and established a PCR detection method for swine toxoplasmosis. A total of 5462 blood specimens collected from pigs in 5 provinces and autonomous regions in southern China during 2016–2017 were assessed by the newly established GRA14 gene PCR method. Result Altogether, we used T. gondii GRA14 gene as target to design specific primers and established a high specificity and sensitivity PCR detection method for swine toxoplasmosis; in particular, this PCR method could detect T. gondii tachyzoite DNA in the acute infection phase. The GRA14 gene PCR assay detected a minimum of 2.35 tachyzoites of T. gondii, and it could be used for T. gondii detection in blood, tissue, semen, urine and waste feed specimens. The overall T. gondii infection rate was 18.9% (1033/5462) by the newly established GRA14 gene PCR method. According to statistical analysis among different regions, the positive rates of swine toxoplasmosis in the Shaanxi, Fujian and Guangdong areas in China from 2016 to 2017 were the highest, at 31.7% (44/139), 21.9% (86/391) and 18.8% (874/4645), respectively (χ2 = 84.2, P < 0.0001). Specimens collected in 2017 had a higher positive rate (19.1% or 886/4639) than those collected in 2016 (16.1% or 155/963) (χ2 = 4.5, P < 0.05). Specimens collected in autumn (39.4% or 187/474), spring (22.8% or 670/2940) and winter (18.2% or 129/709) also had higher positive rates than those collected in summer (3.8% or 57/1479) (χ2 = 427.7, P < 0.0001). Conclusions These results indicate that the new PCR method based on the T. gondii GRA14 gene would be useful for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis and that it would facilitate the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in clinical laboratories.

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“…However, the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in pigs found in this study was higher than those observed in previous studies: 36.2% in Paraíba (Azevedo et al 2010); 26.9% in Alagoas (Valença et al 2011); 18.2% in Bahia (Bezerra et al 2009); 12.8% in Mato Grosso (Muraro et al 2010); 12.6% in Paraná (Santos et al 2015) and 12.5% in Pernambuco (Fernandes et al 2012). But was lower than observed in Rio de Janeiro (65.8%; Bonna et al 2006) and Rio Grande do Sul (86.0%; Silva et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors for infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Marques-Santos

Amendoeira²,

Carrijo

et al. 2017

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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The Triângulo Mineiro region from Minas Gerais state, is an important meat-exporting region of Brazil and data about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in this area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of T. gondii in swine and establish the risk factors associated with the infection. Samples were collected from 600 pigs raised under intensive system in farms located at three different counties (Carmo do Paranaíba, Patrocínio and Perdizes). The samples were submitted to indirect hemagglutination antibody test with dilution of 1:32 and to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with a cutoff of 1:64. The occurrence of positive pig was 3.3% (n=20) and 51.8% (n=311) respectively. A significant difference was observed between toxoplasmatic infection and factors such as lineage, animal origin, size of the farm, collective raising with others species, presence of rodents and type of water offered (p≤0.05). There was no difference between gender and the farm goals. The results demonstrated an occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies higher than expected for intensive pig raising system on the studied area, which could indicate a possible sanitary management problem on the studied proprieties. Improvements on the raising techniques are necessary to reduce T. gondii infection sources.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slaughtered Pigs in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

First report on seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Central Ethiopia

First report on seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Central Ethiopia

An alternative PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene

Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors for infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil

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