Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study

Rezaiemanesh, Mohammad Reza; Afzalaghaee, Monavar; Hamidi, Sara; Eshaghzadeh, Ameneh; Paydar, Maryam; Hejazi‬, ‪Seyed Hossein

doi:10.1093/trstmh/trz011

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The presence of an unrestrained dog population and adequate climate and environmental conditions for egg survival contribute to the high seroprevalence rate observed. Some researchers have found that the risk of developing Toxocara infection is higher in rural areas than in urban areas [19]. In earlier studies, some provinces in Iran, such as East Azerbaijan, Ahvaz, and Mashhad, demonstrated a significant difference with the place of living.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Sero-epidemiology of <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in people attending four educational and therapeutic centres in Alborz Province, Iran

Zibaei¹,

Najmi²,

Bahadory³

et al. 2022

Med Srod.

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Introduction and Objective.Toxocariasis is a common but neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Toxocara species. The aim of this study is to highlight the sero-epidemiology of Toxocara canis infection in the general population of Alborz Province, Iran. Materials and method. Anti-Toxocara canis antibodies were tested in 234 studied inhabitants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic characteristics and consent were obtained from each individual. Results. In total, 33 (14.1%) of the 234 participants (mean age 19.6±8.7 years) had anti-Toxocara canis antibodies. Prevalence of infection was higher in males (16.2%) than females (12.4%). High-titer antibodies were most prevalent among the subjects aged ≤ 20 years, and showed statistical significance (p=0.001). There was significant association between the presence of Toxocara antibodies and the place of residence, keeping dog at home, and contact with contaminated soils (p<0.05). This is the first report of the sero-prevalence and contributing factors for Toxocara canis infection in the general population in Alborz Province. Conclusions. These data confirm the importance of diagnosing human toxocariasis in this region. The findings, in addition to the hygienic status of the population, can be representative of the environmental and animal contamination. Necessary education to avoid contact with suspicious dog and non-contact with soil from infancy should be considered as preventive measures for Toxocara infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Gender, for example, was suggested to be associated with both increased and decreased risk of infection. Young age and poor sanitation are additional factors contributing to Toxocara exposure in some communities [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-epidemiology of <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in people attending four educational and therapeutic centres in Alborz Province, Iran

Zibaei¹,

Najmi²,

Bahadory³

et al. 2022

Med Srod.

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“…Indeed, indoor cats attract more attention and receive better preventive treatments than outdoor cats. In addition, it may suggest that persistence of T. cati eggs in the outdoor environment as well as paratenic hosts playing a crucial role in the transmission of this ascarid (Taylor et al, 2007, Arbabi andHooshyar, 2009;Hajipour et al, 2016;Rezaiemanesh et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats in Dhaka city

Aurin¹,

Zaman²,

Khanum³

2020

J. Biosci. Biotechnol. Discov.

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Domestic cats can harbour a large range endoparasites, many of which have zoonotic potential. Because domestic owned cats (pet) have a very close contact with their owners, cats infested with such parasites can be a threat to human health. The objective of the present study is to investigate the occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats and awareness of zoonotic diseases among the cat owners in Dhaka Metropolitan City. Coprological examination was carried out on 30 domestic owned cats and 26 cat owners. The cats aged between 1 month to 13 years. In the domestic owned cats, effects of age, sex, season, type of household, frequency of giving anti-helminthic medicine and outdoor access were observed. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 43.33% in the cats. A total of seven species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified from domestic owned cats, which were- Isospora felis (3.33%), Toxoplasma gondii (6.67%), Dipylidium caninum (13.33%), Toxocara cati (20%), Toxascaris leonina (3.33%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (3.33%) and Ancylostoma spp. (6.67%). Kittens had the highest prevalence (45.45%) followed by adult (44.44%) and young cats (40%). Female cats (58.82%) had higher prevalence than males (23.08%) and it was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05).

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“…We found a low (0.5%) seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in people living in rural areas of Durango State. This finding was unexpected since living in rural areas is considered as a risk factor for Toxocara exposure in several countries in Asia [12, 14, 15, 17], Africa [13, 16], and Europe [17]. The Toxocara seroprevalence found in our study is lower than those reported in rural populations in Brazil (71.8%) [22], Gabon (59.9%) [13], Argentina (23%–31.6%) [23, 24], Poland (56.2%) [17], Korea (5%) [25], India (6.4%) [26], Bolivia (34%) [27], the Slovak Republic (17.09%) [28], and Venezuela (25.6%) [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living in rural areas is considered a risk factor for Toxocara infection as demonstrated in studies in several countries including Iran [12], Gabon [13], Korea [14, 15], Egypt [16], and Poland [17]. Knowledge about the seroepidemiology of Toxocara infection in rural Mexico is quite limited; however, we are aware of only one study about the seroepidemiology of Toxocara infection in rural Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Toxocara seroprevalence in people in rural Durango, Mexico

Alvarado‐Esquivel

Alvarado‐Félix²,

Alvarado-Félix³

2019

EuJMI

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The epidemiology of Toxocara infection in rural Mexico is largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in rural people in a northern Mexican state. We performed a cross-sectional seroprevalence study of 641 people living in rural Durango State including 282 subjects of the general population, 214 subjects of Huichol ethnicity, and 145 subjects of Mennonite ethnicity. Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. Three (0.5%) of the 641 subjects tested were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. Of the 3 Toxocara seropositive subjects, two were females, aged 19 and 39 years, and one was male, aged 59 years. They had contacted with dogs, cleaned cat excrement, consumed unwashed raw fruits, contacted soil, or lived in a house with soil floors. Seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was similar among the 3 groups of population studied: 0.4% for the general population, 0.9% for Huicholes, and 0.0% for Mennonites (P = 0.41). In conclusion, the Toxocara seroprevalence found in subjects in rural Durango is low as compared with those reported in people from rural areas in other countries.

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Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Sero-epidemiology of <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in people attending four educational and therapeutic centres in Alborz Province, Iran

Sero-epidemiology of <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in people attending four educational and therapeutic centres in Alborz Province, Iran

Occurrence of endoparasites in domestic owned cats in Dhaka city

Low Toxocara seroprevalence in people in rural Durango, Mexico

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