Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Eslahi, Aida Vafae; Badri, Milad; Khorshidi, Ali; Majidiani, Hamidreza; Hooshmand, Elham; Hosseini, Hamid; Taghipour, Ali; Foroutan, Masoud; Pestehchian, Nader; Firoozeh, Farzaneh; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Zibaei, Mohammad

doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4759-8

Cited by 67 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The disease is distributed worldwide, but particularly highly in tropical lower-resource countries. It causes significant morbidity and poses an important, yet largely unaddressed public health problem in areas of high prevalence [ 40 ]. The majority of Toxocara infections remain asymptomatic, whilst a minority develop fatal diseases of visceral larva migrans , ocular larva migrans , and covert toxocariasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Endoparasites in captive wildlife might pose a threat to public health; however, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, and much remains to be learned, especially in limited-resource settings. This study aimed to investigate endoparasites of captive wildlife in Bangladesh. Perception and understanding of veterinarians regarding one health and zoonoses were also assessed. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to August 2020. A total of 45 fecal samples from 18 different species of wild animals (i.e., 11 species of mammals: herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, six birds, and a single reptile species) were collected randomly. Parasitological assessments were done by modified formalin ether sedimentation technique and rechecked by Sheather’s sugar floatation technique. Molecular identification of Spirometra spp. was conducted by amplifying the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene. Questionnaire surveys among 15 veterinarians and an in-depth interview (IDI) with a zoo officer were conducted. Results: Helminths (Spirometra sp., Capillaria sp., Ascaridia/Heterakis, opisthorchiid, strongyles, acuariid, hookworms, roundworms, and unidentified nematode larvae) and protozoa (coccidian oocyst) were identified, and the overall prevalence was 48.9% (22/45). The cox1 sequences (341 bp) of the Bangladesh-origin Spirometra species from lion showed 99.3–99.7% similarity to the reference sequences of Spirometra decipiens (GenBank No: KJ599679.1; MT122766). The majority of study participants (86.6%) agreed about the importance of endoparasite control in zoo animals, and 73.3% expressed that the one health concept should be promoted in Bangladesh. Only 6.7% of veterinarians perceived confidence in diagnosing parasitic diseases and preventing antiparasiticidal resistance. Conclusions: In the present survey, we found a considerable prevalence of endoparasites in captive wildlife. For the first time, zoonotically important S. decipiens from lion was molecularly characterized in Bangladesh. Veterinarian training is required to improve parasite control knowledge and practice. This study highlights the need for routine parasitological assessment, promotion of one health, and improvement of the implementation of current parasite control strategies in zoo animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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“…Toxocariasis is an infection that has a worldwide distribution and is a very important zoonosis due to its frequent occurrence in humans [119]. The estimate of the overall worldwide prevalence of T. canis in dogs of 11.1% represents 100 million dogs, which should alert Public Health experts and policy makers to the need for effective intervention programs [114,120]. This parasite species has high biotic potential since its eggs contaminate water, soil, grass, and pet fur [51].…”

Section: Toxocariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of Knowledge on Intestinal Helminths in Free-Roaming Dogs in Southern South America

Ritossa¹,

Viozzi²,

Flores³

2021

Canine Genetics, Health and Medicine

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In South America there are more dogs per person than in developed countries. Many owners allow their dogs to roam freely in public areas, which favours the spread of zoonotic diseases. The objective of this work is to describe, through bibliographic analysis, the occurrence, prevalence, species richness, and distribution of intestinal helminth parasites found in dog faeces from urban and rural areas of southern South America (Argentina-Chile-Uruguay). Using three databases, we performed a systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2020 in indexed journals. A total of 219 articles was evaluated for eligibility, and of these 67 were included in the final analysis; 48 correspond to Argentina, 17 to Chile, and 2 to Uruguay. The total number of parasite taxa recorded was 22, the most frequently occurring species being Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris vulpis and Echinococcus sp. Species richness was correlated with sample size and varied between 1 and 10 species. In addition, disease risk is not homogeneously distributed. Due to the high infection levels in dogs, urban and rural dwellers are at risk of infection with zoonotic diseases transmitted by these animals, therefore a One Health approach to public health would be advisable.

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“…Seroprevalence studies show a relatively high prevalence of human toxocariasis in different parts of the world [ 4 – 6 ]. In a recent study in Iran, the rate of Toxocara infection in cats and dogs, the main hosts of Toxocara , was reported to be 32.6% and 24.2%, respectively [ 7 ]. Moreover, the results of a meta-analysis study in Iran reported the rates of 0.84 to 29% for the seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in different areas of the country [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Mentally Retarded Patients in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

Omidian

Diyaleh

Pouryousef

et al. 2021

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Mentally retarded individuals are more likely to become infected with soil-transmitted infections including toxocariasis. The current study aimed to determine the serostatus of toxocariasis among institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 117 mentally disabled individuals, including children and adults, maintained in a charity-based institution. Three millilitres of venous blood was taken from each subject. While sampling, demographic features of the subject were documented in a questionnaire. An ELISA system based on Toxocara larvae excretory-secretory antigens (TES) was utilized to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in the sera of the patients. The mean age of the subject was 27.6 (±12.31) years and consisted of 55 (47%) males and 62 (53%) females. Out of 117 cases, 33 (28.2%) were seropositive for toxocariasis. The seroprevalence was higher in females (37.1%) than males (18.2%), and the difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Out of 117 subjects, 76 (64.9%) had severe and 41 (35.1%) had profound mental retardation. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 18 (23.7%) patients with severe and 15 (35.6%) patients with profound mental retardation. The highest seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis (44.4%) was observed in the age group of ≤10 years followed by 21–30 years old (36.7%). No statistically significant association was seen between the age and also the duration of residency in the care center and seropositivity of toxocariasis ( p > 0.05). The current study represents the high prevalence of toxocariasis in mentally retarded patients in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. The elevated seroprevalence rate of toxocariasis in the current study indicates that these subjects constitute a high-risk group for Toxocara infection, which may be attributed to their behavioral patterns.

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Prevalence of Toxocara and Toxascaris infection among human and animals in Iran with meta-analysis approach

Cited by 67 publications

References 59 publications

Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

Insight into One Health Approach: Endoparasite Infections in Captive Wildlife in Bangladesh

The State of Knowledge on Intestinal Helminths in Free-Roaming Dogs in Southern South America

High Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Mentally Retarded Patients in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran

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