Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Jali, M.V.; Kambar, Sanjay; Jali, Sujata; Pawar, Nandita; Nalawade, P. M.

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.12.017

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…22 The published results from Rai et al, 23 further supported our findings with decreased serum T3 and T4 and increased TSH levels in T2 diabetics without any complications. 24,25 Further support for our findings is found among the recent studies that have shown that diabetic patients with nephropathy may be complicated by primary hypothyroidism. But, our study did not include T2DM patients with complications, which underlies the limitations of our findings for suggesting only minor changes in thyroid profiles in T2DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Evidence of Association Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism with Therapeutic Relevance—An Observational Study

Gurunath¹,

Koyyada²,

Krishna³

et al. 2019

Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology

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Background: Thyroid disorder and diabetes are associated endocrine disorders. Patients with either one of the disorders are at great risk of developing the other. The coexistence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypothyroidism with clinical evidence of effect on one another has not been reported until today. Methods: This prospective study involved 702 patients. Each participant's blood sugar levels and thyroid profiles were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test. Results: The incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in diabetic patients was 20.2% and 1.71% respectively, while the incidence of type-1 diabetes mellitus and T2DM in thyroid dysfunction patients was 0.56% and 19.03% respectively. The mean fasting blood sugars and postprandial blood sugar levels, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and Thyroid stimulating hormone levels of hypothyroid patients with T2DM (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Clinical Evidence of Association Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism with Therapeutic Relevance—An Observational Study

Gurunath¹,

Koyyada²,

Krishna³

et al. 2019

Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology

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“…Subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism was reported to be the most common form of TD in several studies [6][7][8][9]. In this study, a relatively high prevalence of TD was found, among which low T3 syndrome constituted the majority.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Thyroid dysfunction and risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Deng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) are two closely associated disorders. The coexistence of TD could adversely influence metabolic control and even increase the long-term mortality in patients with DM. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of TD in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Methods : This is an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 340 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who were admitted to ward of endocrinology department were included for analysis. Thyroid function was examined and its relationship with demographic, metabolic and diabetes-related parameters were evaluated Results : The prevalence of TD was 21.2% in the total population. The low T3 syndrome was the most frequent TD, in 14.7% of patients. Low FT3 level was associated with diabetic complications including presence of diabetic ketosis (DK) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (r = -0.388, P ≤ 0.001) and microalbuminuria (r = -0.302, P ≤ 0.001). Metabolic and demographic factors, including age, glycemic control and insulin resistance also correlated with levels of thyroid hormones. DK or DKA (OR = 6.161, P ≤ 0.001) and microalbuminuria (OR = 3.950, P = 0.002) were risk factors of low T3 syndrome. Conclusion : TD is not rarely seen in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Diabetic complications and diabetes-related metabolic and demographic factors are related to the presence of TD.

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“…In many studies, most T2DM patients with TD had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and several new cases of TD were diagnosed during clinical evaluations, highlighting the need for enhanced screening for TD in T2DM patients [5,7,8]. Just as in the nondiabetic population, TD was found to be more common in females than in males with diabetes [8][9][10]. TD is more common in T1DM than in T2DM patients, but the pathophysiology is more complex in T2DM patients and has greater clinical implications.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Diabetes and Thyroid Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening Strategies and Implications for Management

Kalra

Aggarwal²,

Khandelwal

2019

Diabetes Ther

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) often tend to coexist in patients. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are more common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than in their nondiabetic counterparts. Current guidelines are neither clear nor specific about the frequency of thyroid function monitoring in T2DM patients. Circulating thyroid hormones affect several different organs and cells, have a major impact on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, and can worsen glycaemic control in T2DM. Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis can worsen subclinical DM and cause hyperglycaemia in T2DM patients, increasing the risk of diabetic complications. T2DM reduces thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and impairs the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in the peripheral tissues. Poorly managed T2DM can lead to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, which causes thyroid tissue proliferation and increases nodule formation and goitre size. In addition, while metformin can be beneficial in both T2DM and TD patients, other antidiabetics such as sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, and thiazolidinediones can negatively impact TD. Antithyroid drugs such as methimazole can impair glycaemic control in T2DM patients. Thyrovigilance in T2DM patients and diabetovigilance in TD patients may therefore be necessary to facilitate individualized care and management.

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Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical Evidence of Association Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism with Therapeutic Relevance—An Observational Study

Clinical Evidence of Association Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypothyroidism with Therapeutic Relevance—An Observational Study

Thyroid dysfunction and risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Thyroid Dysfunction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening Strategies and Implications for Management

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