Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Coagulase-Positive-and Negative-Staphylococcus in Chicken Meat Retailed to Consumers

Abstract

The use of antibiotics in farm management (growing crops and raising animals) has become a major area of concern. Its implications is the consequent emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and accordingly their access into the human food chain with passage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to the normal human intestinal microbiota and hence to other pathogenic bacteria causative human disease. Therefore, we pursued in this study to unravel the frequency and the quinolone resistance determining region, mecA and cfr genes of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS) isolated from the retail trade of ready-to-eat raw chicken meat samples collected during 1 year and sold across the Great Cairo area. The 50 Staphylococcus isolated from retail raw chicken meat were analyzed for their antibiotic resistance phenotypic profile on 12 antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin) and their endorsement of the quinolone resistance determining region, mecA and cfr genes. The isolation results revealed 50 isolates, CPS (14) and CNS (36), representing ten species (S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. epidermedius, S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominus, S. schleiferi, S. cohnii, S. intermedius, and S. lentus). Twenty seven isolates were methicillin-resistant. Out of the characterized 50 staphylococcal isolates, three were MRSA but only 2/3 carried the mecA gene. The ARG that bestows resistance to quinolones, β-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B [MLS(B)] in MRSA and MR-CNS were perceived. According to the available literature, the present investigation was a unique endeavor into the identification of the quinolone-resistance-determining-regions, the identification of MRSA and MR-CNS from retail chicken meat in Egypt. In addition, these isolates might indicate the promulgation of methicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin resistance in the community and imply food safety hazards.

<p>Genotypic and Phenotypic-Based Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Profile of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome <em>mec</em> in the Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Recovered from Raw Milk</p>

“…Similar to our findings, high distribution of mecA, gyrA, grlA and cfr was also described in the S. aureus bacteria recovered from chicken meat in Egypt. 46 Another Iranian investigation 47 showed that oxacillin, gentamicin, penicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin resistant S. aureus bacteria recovered from milk and dairy products carried considerable incidence of blaZ, aacA-aphD, mecA, tetK and tetM, ermB, ermA, ermT, ermC, msrB and msrA antibiotic resistance markers likewise to our survey.…”

Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in identified of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci from chickens flocks and hatcheries in Egypt.

“…While Aslantaş et al [51] investigated that 89 isolates of (CNS) susceptible to Tetracycline (100%). Osman et al [52] reported that 36 CNS isolates recovered from chicken meat showed complete resistance to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. Aslantaş et al [51] investigated 69.2% out of 89 isolates CNS were resistant while 2.6% of S. scuiri, S. lentus, and S. epidermidis were resistant by Huber et al [11].…”

“…Aslantaş et al [51] investigated 69.2% out of 89 isolates CNS were resistant while 2.6% of S. scuiri, S. lentus, and S. epidermidis were resistant by Huber et al [11]. Resistance to Clindamycin was reported [52,53]. Complete resistance to Oxacillin was also reported [14,18,52] while Piessens et al [54] found 42.9% resistance.…”

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles ofStaphylococcussp. isolated from food, food contact surfaces and food handlers in a Moroccan hospital kitchen

“…Similar findings were noted in Iranian hospital food workers who reported that all the Staphylococcus strains resist to penicillins (100%) and showed high resistance rates to ofloxacin (88%), tobramycin (73·90%), ciprofloxacin (70%) and cefoxitin (50%) (Safarpoor Dehkordi et al ), while in China O'Donoghue et al noted a very low percentage of resistance against Penicillin GG among food workers (1·1%) (Ho et al ). In general, the highest rates of resistance associated to nasal carriage worldwide are reported among the food handlers exposed to livestock or raw meats (Hoet et al ; Osman et al ; Fetsch ; Parisi et al ; Wu et al ).…”

“…Letters in Applied Microbiology 70, 241--251 © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology It is the reason for a big distress in both human and veterinary medicines specially with the increasing tendency of Staphylococcus sp. to develop antibiotic resistance (WHO 2014;Osman et al 2016). Moreover, coagulasenegative Staphylococcus (CoNs) which were considered as innocuous skin commensal bacteria prior 1970s, gained importance and are classified as important causes of human infections (Osman et al 2016).…”