Prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide plan among HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pei, Juhong; Pei, Yi-xuan; Ma, Tong; Du, Ye-Hui; Wang, Xing‐Lei; Zhong, Juanping; Xie, Qiang; Zhang, Lihong; Yan, Ling‐Qi; Dou, Xin‐Man

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.064

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These findings may be since these countries have the most liberal laws on doctor-assisted suicide or gun control or could be due to economic recessions and societal pressure [ 26 , 28 , 204 , 205 ]. These differences could be attributed to discrepancies in cultural differences, religious dimensions, and socioeconomic status, and not just by geographical location alone [ 4 ]. Previous research has identified psychological disorders and suicide are extremely connected and established in high-income countries, with many suicides occurring impulsively in moments of crisis with a breakdown in the ability to deal with life stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of suicide deaths in People living with HIV (PLHIV) is 100-fold higher than the rate that has been reported in the general population [ 3 ]. Prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, attempts, and plans among people living with HIV/AIDS were more common and serious than those in the general population [ 4 ]. Suicide attempt rates among PLHIV with mental disorders and psychiatric treatment have continued to increase from the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (Pre-HAART) era (1988–1995) to the HAART era (1996–2008) from 27.8% to 35.1%, respectively [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Tsai

Mudiyanselage

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Death by suicide is a major public health problem. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have higher risk of suicidal behavior than the general population. The aim of this review is to summarize suicidal behavior, associated risk factors, and risk populations among PLHIV. Research studies in six databases from January 1, 1988, to July 8, 2021, were searched using keywords that included “HIV,” “suicide,” and “risk factors.” The study design, suicide measurement techniques, risk factors, and study findings were extracted. A total of 193 studies were included. We found that the Americas, Europe, and Asia have the highest rates of suicidal behavior. Suicide risk factors include demographic factors, mental illness, and physiological, psychological, and social support. Depression is the most common risk factor for PLHIV, with suicidal ideation and attempt risk. Drug overdosage is the main cause of suicide death. In conclusion, the current study found that PLHIV had experienced a high level of suicidal status. This review provides an overview of suicidal behavior and its risk factors in PLHIV with the goal of better managing these factors and thus preventing death due to suicide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Tsai

Mudiyanselage

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Suicide is the third most common cause of death in HIV-infected men and women, and the mortality rate due to suicide in HIV-infected men and women is 3-fold that of the general population of men and women. A recent meta-analysis identified that the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with HIV was 22.4% and 12.0%, respectively [ 27 ]. Another meta-analysis showed that the risk of successful suicide in HIV-infected individuals was 100-fold that of the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and Causes of Death among Individuals Diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Korea, 2004–2018: An Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Claims Database

Park

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The mortality rate and causes of death among individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Korea were described and compared to those of the general population of Korea using a nationwide population-based claims database. We included 13,919 individuals aged 20–79 years newly diagnosed with HIV between 2004 and 2018. The patients’ vital status and cause of death were linked until 31 December 2019. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause death and specific causes of death were calculated. By the end of 2019, 1669 (12.0%) of the 13,919 HIV-infected participants had died. The survival probabilities of HIV-infected individuals at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after diagnosis in Korea were 96.2%, 91.6%, 85.9%, and 79.6%, respectively. The main causes of death during the study period were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 59.0%), non-AIDS-defining cancer (8.2%), suicide (7.4%), cardiovascular disease (4.9%), and liver disease (2.7%). The mortality rate of men and women infected with HIV was 5.60-fold (95% CI = 5.32–5.89) and 6.18-fold (95% CI = 5.30–7.09) that of men and women in the general population, respectively. After excluding deaths due to HIV, the mortality remained significantly higher, with an SMR of 2.16 (95% CI = 1.99–3.24) in men and 3.77 (95% CI = 3.06–4.48) in women. HIV-infected individuals had a higher overall mortality than the general population, with AIDS the leading cause of mortality. Additionally, mortality due to non-AIDS-related causes was higher in HIV-infected individuals.

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“…In addition, a cross‐sectional study reported that males had a higher risk than females for suicidal ideation (OR 0.92; p > 0.5) and suicide attempts (OR 0.81; p > 0.5), albeit the results were not statistically significant [20]. Nevertheless, several other studies have reported that female gender was a risk factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts [5, 21–24]. Additionally, a previous meta‐analysis of gender distribution suggested that the prevalence of suicidal ideation was 2.7% for females and 2.9% for males, whereas the pooled estimates of suicide attempts indicated that females were 1.19 times more likely to have a higher risk of suicide attempts than males; these results were not statistically significant [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, with the increased challenge of suicide mortality in people living with HIV, more attention should be urgently paid to their psychological pain [3]. Compared with the general population, people living with HIV are more likely to be at high risk of mental health issues, which may lower their quality of life and increase mortality [4,5]. In addition, problems at the societal level also affect people living with HIV, and psychological sensations such as dread, disgrace, prejudice, and denial are all common [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Zhao

et al. 2022

HIV Medicine

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Objective: Although excess mortality, especially suicide, is a critical trait in people living with HIV, consensus about gender differences in these areas is lacking. We conducted meta-analyses to examine gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for studies written in English. In this review, suicide among people living with HIV includes suicide death, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Studies reporting the suicide prevalence among males and females living with HIV were eligible for inclusion in our review. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as the effect size index. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analyses were chosen based on the size of the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 27 studies comprising 801 017 participants from 11 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of suicidal ideation was 18.0% (95% CI 13.3%-22.8%) in males and 20.8% (95% CI 16.4%-25.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicidal ideation in females living with HIV (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09-1.56; p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.8% (95% CI 9.0%-24.5%) in males and 24.7% (95% CI 12.4%-37.1%) in females, and there was a statistically significant higher risk of suicide attempts in females living with HIV (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.75; p < 0.05).The pooled prevalence of suicide death was 1.2% (95% CI 0.5%-1.9%) among males and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1%-0.3%) among females, and the risk of suicide death between genders was not statistically significant (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.50-1.24; p = 0.298).Conclusions: There were gender differences in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among people living with HIV. Females living with HIV were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, but there were no statistically significant gender differences in suicide death. Appropriate initiatives to optimize the recognition, treatment, and management suicide behaviours of males and females living with HIV may narrow this gender gap.

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Prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide plan among HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A scoping review

Mortality and Causes of Death among Individuals Diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Korea, 2004–2018: An Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Claims Database

Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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