Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and Distribution of Pathogens in Dairy Farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu Districts, Rwanda

Mpatswenumugabo, Jean Pierre M.; Bebora, L. C.; Gitao, George C.; Mobegi, Victor A.; Iraguha, Blaise; Kamana, Olivier; Shumbusho, Benjamin

doi:10.1155/2017/8456713

Cited by 62 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The bacterial pathogens isolated in the present study were dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (Table 2). The prevalence rate of S. aureus (66.15%) in the current study agrees with previous findings reported in Tanzania [34,35,48], Rwanda [31], Algeria [49], Italy [50] and Brazil [51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The overall high prevalence could be attributed to the invisible and silent nature of subclinical mastitis which is usually given little attention by farms when it comes to treatment, and the lack of mastitis control program which has been proved to decrease the prevalence of mastitis in developed countries [40]. However, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis reported in this study is lower than those reported in Uganda [41], Rwanda [31,42,43], Kenya [44], Ethiopia [39] and…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Before examination, the udder was thoroughly washed, dried with a clean towel and the teats were sprayed with 70% ethanol. Presence of subclinical mastitis was checked using California Mastitis Test (CMT) protocol as previously described [31]. Briefly, CMT score ranging from 0 to 4 was used, where 0 is…”

Section: Screening For Subclinical Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Komba¹,

Kashoma²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Three dairy farms were investigated for occurrence of retained placenta and subclinical mastitis, and the economic impacts attributable to the conditions. Reproductive performance data from 1169 calvings of dairy cows for five consecutive years spanning from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 167 cows were screened with the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and udder quarters with CMT score of ≥ 3 (scale 1–5) were milk sampled for culture and final bacteriological identification. Results: Overall prevalences of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes were 35.93% and 10.35%, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 38.92%. Individual bacteria prevalence rates were 66.15% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.85% for Escherichia coli, 6.15% for Bacillus spp., 6.15% for Streptococcus agalactiae and 7.69% for none typed microorganisms. Overall loss from subclinical mastitis was estimated at 10,603,800/= Tanzanian shillings (Tshs) equivalent to USD $ 4,700 with major losses (81.75%) attributable to the production loss followed by treatment expenditure (18.25%). Average loss attributed to mastitis per quarter was estimated at 49,320/= Tshs (USD $21.5). Retained placenta resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the period from parturition to conception (148.7 vs. 96.0 days), number of services per conception (2.9 vs. 1.9) and calving interval (434.7 vs. 374.0 days). Conclusion: These findings point out to the economic importance of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes in the dairy industry. This calls for improved milking hygiene, proper attention to health of mammary glands, regular screening tests and application of biosecurity measures as intervention strategies to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and minimize the spread of pathogens in dairy farms. Since retained fetal membrane is an important problem causing great economic losses, appropriate control measures have to be instituted including cow comfort, proper immunization and careful nutritional management (mineral supplementation), particularly during the transition period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Komba¹,

Kashoma²

2020

Preprint

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“…Clinical and subclinical mastitis can be one of the serious consequences of poor milking hygiene [5,7]. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of mastitis within the East African region is high and that CoNS are common pathogens in bovine mastitis [5,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococci are the leading cause of mastitis [5,6], with S. aureus considered to be a major pathogen associated with clinical mastitis and often-recurrent subclinical mastitis, even in well-managed dairy herds. The primary mode of transmission is from cow-to-cow [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

et al. 2019

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The present study was conducted from July to August 2018 on milk samples taken at dairy farms in the Northern Province and Kigali District of Rwanda in order to identify Staphylococcus spp. associated with bovine intramammary infection. A total of 161 staphylococcal isolates originating from quarter milk samples of 112 crossbred dairy cattle were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and isolates were examined for the presence of various resistance genes. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also analyzed for the presence of virulence factors, genotyped by spa typing and further phenotypically subtyped for capsule expression using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Selected S. aureus were characterized using DNA microarray technology, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing. All mecA-positive staphylococci were further genotyped using dru typing. In total, 14 different staphylococcal species were detected, with S. aureus being most prevalent (26.7%), followed by S. xylosus (22.4%) and S. haemolyticus (14.9%). A high number of isolates was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Various antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were detected. Among S. aureus, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, as well as bovine leukocidin (LukM/LukF-P83) genes, were detected in two and three isolates, respectively, of which two also carried the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tsst-1 bovine variant. t1236 was the predominant spa type. FTIR-based capsule serotyping revealed a high prevalence of non-encapsulated S. aureus isolates (89.5%). The majority of the selected S. aureus isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 97 which was determined using DNA microarray based assignment. Three new MLST sequence types were detected.

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Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Kajiado Central sub‐county, Kenya

Michira,

Kagira,

Maina

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundLiterature is scarce on the occurrence of bovine mastitis and antimicrobial resistance among dairy animals kept by pastoralists in the Kenya.ObjectivesA cross‐sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from dairy cattle kept by farmers in Kajiado Central sub‐county, Kenya.MethodsA total of 202 lactating cows from 40 farms were sampled. Milk from the cows was screened for SCM using the California mastitis test, and the bacteria present in the milk samples were determined using standard bacteriological methods. The sensitivity of the isolated coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus against antibiotics was tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method.ResultsThe prevalence of SCM at quarter‐ and cow‐level was 31.7% and 53%, respectively. The prevalence of SCM was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in exotic breeds of cattle and those kept under an extensive system of production. A total of 19 bacterial species were isolated with the majority being CNS (40.1%), S. aureus (15.8%) and Micrococcus spp. (10.4%). S. aureus isolates showed varied resistance to the tested antibiotics with the highest resistance being against ceftazidime (75%), amoxycillin (50%) and streptomycin (46.9%). Several S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin (34.4%) and cefoxitin (12.5%). CNSs were more resistant against ceftazidime (79.1%), amoxycillin (34.6%) and oxacillin (32.1%). Majority (92%–100%) of the Staphylococcus spp. were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin a fluoroquinolone and augmentin.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of SCM and bacteria resistant to antibiotics shows a need for animal health professionals and farmers to develop strategies for the management of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in dairy cows in the study area.

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Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and Distribution of Pathogens in Dairy Farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu Districts, Rwanda

Cited by 62 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

Prevalence of subclinical mastitis, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from milk of dairy cattle in Kajiado Central sub‐county, Kenya

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