Prevalence of sterility mosaic disease (SMD) and variability in pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) in southern-India

Sayiprathap, B. R.; Patibanda, A. K.; Kumari, Vedna; Jayalalitha, K.; Rao, V. Srinivasa; Sharma, Mamta; Sudini, H.

doi:10.1007/s42360-020-00246-7

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Hence, it is compulsory to understand the distribution of SMD at spatial level in the major pigeonpea-growing areas of the Indian subcontinent. Although the occurrences of SMD in pigeonpea-growing areas of India are frequent, there is still a lack of systemic studies and information on the prevalence of SMD in recent times [15]. For the rst time in India, our study determined the present status and explicit spatial distribution of SMD in major pigeonpea-growing states, including Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu by employing various geostatistical techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports point out an increase in the incidence of SMD in the recent years [15]. This could be due to shifts in the cropping systems, the rapid spread of viruliferous mites that transmit virus inoculum, the adjacency of new elds to already infected elds, and congenial environmental factors supporting eriophyid mite development and cultivar susceptibility, resulting in extreme economic yield losses [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In India, SMD has been found to be extensively prevalent in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal [15,17,19,20]. However, it is essential to comprehend the distribution of SMD across pigeonpea-growing regions and to determine the potential risk linked with SMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial distribution, mapping, and identification of potential risk areas for the sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea in India

Mediga,

Sunkad,

Shil

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is an emerging biotic risk to the cultivation of pigeonpea throughout the Indian subcontinent. The prevalence and distribution of SMD documented from diverse agro-climatic zones are still scanty. In this investigation, we determined the spatial distribution of SMD covering major pigeonpea-growing states of India, viz., Karnataka, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh, by considering two years of exploratory survey data. Geospatial approaches were employed to forecast the SMD incidence levels at unvisited locations using neighboring observations. Results The results indicated enormous variability in the incidence levels of SMD ranging from 1.10-19.21% in pigeonpea-growing states. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and Ripley’s K function established the presence of average clustering over sampling locations. Two main clusters were identified via agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. From the LISA analysis, most of the districts were clustered together at (I˂0). From the p-values, Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu recorded the highest spatial dependence, while the remaining districts recorded moderate spatial dependence (p˂0.05). Based on kriging, the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, Medak and Ranga Reddy districts of Telangana, Bijapur district of Karnataka, and Latur district in Maharashtra states were found to be vulnerable to SMD occurrence in the future. The Matern model was shown to be the best of the several semivariogram experimental models tested for spatial patterns of SMD incidence, from which OK and IK maps were created. Based on the interpolation results, the potential SMD hotspots/risk areas were largely noticed in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu states. These identified hotspots for SMD revealed high levels of disease probability rates (> 25%) above the threshold level and must be closely monitored to restrict and minimize further disease spread across the studied areas in India. Conclusions In pigeonpea, this is the first study in India that attempted to understand the spatial pattern of SMD using geostatistical methodologies. The results of the study will aid in the design and dissemination of specific management practices and curb the further spread of SMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial distribution, mapping, and identification of potential risk areas for the sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea in India

Mediga,

Sunkad,

Shil

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Seed transmission ef iciency varies by cultivar, with the incidence of seed transmission being higher in plants infected before lowering [18]. 5% of the transmission occurs in the majority of commercial cultivars produced, with older cultivars varying from no transmission to 75% transmission [19].…”

Section: The Sterility Mosaic Disease In Pigeonpeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus a green plague-Current status of available drug and new potential targets

Singh¹,

Narula²,

Ujinwal³

et al. 2021

Ann Proteom Bioinform

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Pigeonpea is one of the important legume crops with high protein content and nutritional traits. It has enormous potency for its widespread adoption by farming communities. It is affected by various kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context, of biotic stresses Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is one of the severe diseases in pigeonpea which ultimately lead to the drastic yield loss. The virus belongs to the genus Emaravirus, family- Fimoviridae. SMD is associated with two diverse types of Emaravirus, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus1 (PPSMV-1) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus 2 (PPSMV-2). It is transmitted by the mite (Aceria cajani), mainly environmental contributing to the feasibility for the mites for the inoculation of the virus. The SMD is mainly governed by two genes SV1 that includes the dominant allele and serves as an inhibitory action on the resistance of the SV2. Methods for identification of the virus include RT-PCR, DIBA and ELISA using alkaline phosphatase or penicillinase. To control SMV disease farmers generally adopted intercropping methods. There are few potential drugs have been identified for the administration of the disease such as 0.1% Fenazaquin, Dicofol, Imidacloripid, Carbosulfan; Spiromesifin includes the inhibition of the mite inoculation on the pigeonpea plant. The present review describes compressive and systematic insights on SMV protein targets and potential drugs that could be utilized as the presumed drug targets for the finding of true drugs against the SMD in pigeonpea.

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“…Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is one of the important production constraints of pigeonpea cultivation in the Indian subcontinent (Mitra, 1931;Reddy et al, 1998). SMD is caused by two distinct emaraviruses, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-I (PPSMV-I) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-II (PPSMV-II; Elbeaino et al, 2014Elbeaino et al, , 2015Kumar et al, 2017;Patil et al, 2017;Sayiprathap et al, 2020) and transmitted by an eriophyid mite Aceria cajani Channabasavanna (Acari: Arthropoda) in a semi-persistence manner (Kulkarni et al, 2002). SMD symptoms include yellow mosaic or chlorotic ring spots, reduced leaf size, stunting, excessive vegetative growth, and partial-to-complete cessation of flowering (sterility).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salient Findings on Host Range, Resistance Screening, and Molecular Studies on Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea Induced by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic viruses (PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II)

et al. 2022

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Two distinct emaraviruses, Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-I (PPSMV-I) and Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-II (PPSMV-II) were found to be associated with sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. The host range of both these viruses and their vector are narrow, confined to Nicotiana benthamiana identified through mechanical transmission, and to Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Top Crop, Kintoki, and Bountiful (F: Fabaceae) through mite transmission. A weed host Chrozophora rottleri (F: Euphorbiaceae) was also infected and tested positive for both the viruses in RT-PCR. Among the wild Cajanus species tested, Cajanus platycarpus accessions 15661, 15668, and 15671, and Cajanus scarabaeoides accessions 15683, 15686, and 15922 were infected by both the viruses and mite vector suggesting possible sources of SMD inoculum. Though accession 15666 of C. platycarpus, 15696 of C. scarabaeoides, and 15639 of Cajanus lanceolatus were infected by both the viruses, no mite infestation was observed on them. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II isolates in southern India revealed significant divergence especially PPSMV-II, which is closely related to the Fig mosaic virus (FMV) than PPSMV-I. In multilocation testing of pigeonpea genotypes for their broad-based resistance to SMD for two consecutive years, genotypes ICPL-16086 and ICPL-16087 showed resistance reaction (<10% incidence) in all three locations studied. Overall, the present study gives a clear idea about the host range of PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II, their molecular relationship, and sources of resistance. This information is critical for the development of reliable diagnostic tools and improved disease management strategies.

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Prevalence of sterility mosaic disease (SMD) and variability in pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) in southern-India

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Geospatial distribution, mapping, and identification of potential risk areas for the sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea in India

Geospatial distribution, mapping, and identification of potential risk areas for the sterility mosaic disease of pigeonpea in India

Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus a green plague-Current status of available drug and new potential targets

Salient Findings on Host Range, Resistance Screening, and Molecular Studies on Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea Induced by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic viruses (PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II)

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