Prevalence of Staphylococcus Species During the Periparturient Period in Primiparous and Multiparous Cows

Matthews, Karl R.; Harmon, Robert J.; Langlois, B. E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77942-9

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, no clear conclusion may be drawn for these latter bacteria. By contrast, the limited or nonexistent effect against CNS IMI suggests that these IMI occur very late in the dry period, just before calving as well as in early lactation [43,52,54, for review see 55] or another hypothesis is that the resistant CNS strain possibly infected the udder [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period without or with antibiotic treatment in dairy cows – a quantitative analysis of published data

2006

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-The study was aimed at summarising the literature that compares the incidence levels of spontaneously occurring intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period, without versus with antibiotic dry cow treatment (DCT). A meta-analytic relative risk (RR) calculation was implemented when a priori relevant. Two main categories of comparison were used in the 36 selected papers. In the first category, the udder quarters were randomly allocated (at quarter or cow level) to an untreated or a treated group. Quarter incidence averaged 12.8% (weighted mean) in untreated quarters, and depending on the DCT used, from 6.6 to 8.0% in treated quarters. The meta-analytic RR of new IMI for untreated versus treated quarters varied from 1.54 to 1.94, depending on the DCT used. DCT was mainly found effective against IMI due to streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Based on only a few papers, the application of an internal teat sealer was associated to a quite similar (or possibly better) protection against IMI than DCT, but only in a subpopulation of particular (selected) cows. In the second category of studies, a selective dry cow or quarter antibiotic-treatment (selective DCT or DQT), according to cow or quarter selection criteria, was compared to blanket DCT. The meta-analytic RR of new IMI was 1.71 for selective DCT versus blanket DCT. Selective DQT seemed to be more at risk than selective DCT, but consisted of treating a much lower proportion of quarters. The summary-results provided by our meta-analysis should only be used with caution, due to possibly low external validity. More research seems to be relevant on the risk factors of new IMI during the dry period to make the outcomes of omission of DCT in selected cows more predictable under field conditions. dairy cow / mastitis / risk / dry-cow treatment / meta-analysis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period without or with antibiotic treatment in dairy cows – a quantitative analysis of published data

2006

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“…In heifers, increased odds for CNS IMI were found in animals with a poor hygiene score, lack of teat dipping, and nonclipped udders before calving . Prevalence of CNS IMI was shown to be higher in milk samples from primiparous than multiparous cows (Matthews et al, 1992;Tenhagen et al, 2006;Sampimon et al, 2009). An increased risk to be infected with the relevant species Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus xylosus was found for heifers compared with multiparous cows (De Visscher et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Dolder

Borne

Traversari

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bacteriological status, evaluation of udder symmetry, udder hygiene, and teat end scores of 92 dairy cows were assessed on 3 Swiss dairy farms in a longitudinal 1-yr study to determine risk factors for intramammary infection (IMI) with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) species. Farm visits were performed monthly including sterile quarter milk sampling and udder evaluation of all lactating cows. Milk samples were evaluated for the presence of staphylococci using selective agar plates. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Intramammary infection was defined as milk samples having ≥100 cfu per mL of milk according to culture results. Overall, 3,151 quarter samples were included in the statistical analysis. Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and a Staphylococcus warneri-like species were the 4 most prevalent CNS species found. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were built to evaluate risk factors for species-specific CNS IMI. Risk factors for Staph. chromogenes IMI were presence in herd B, the period from June 2014 to August 2014 and December 2014 to February 2015, and presence of udder edema. For Staph. haemolyticus, the relevant risk factor included coinfection with Staph. xylosus coinfection with other than the above-mentioned CNS species ("others") and the period from June 2014 to November 2014. Coinfection with Staph. haemolyticus and "others," the periods from June 2014 to August 2014 and December 2014 to February 2015, early phase of lactation (1-60 d in milk), and belonging to herd B were significantly associated with Staph. xylosus IMI. Mid and late lactation, coinfection with Staph. xylosus, and the period September 2014 to May 2015 were identified as significant risk factors for Staph. warneri-like IMI. For Staph. chromogenes, 60.6 and 26% of the variance was observed at the quarter and cow level, respectively, whereas for the other investigated species the highest variance was observed at the sample level. The predominant species within herds differed and was most pronounced for the Staph. warneri-like species.

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“…On contrary, occurrence of the species S. xylosus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. saprophyticus in quarters with clinical mastitis, sometimes with higher frequencythan S. chromogenesandS. simulans (Baba etal.1980;Brown 1983;Matthews et al 1992; own data in table 1) may demonstrate the potential of an environmental strain to enter the bovine udder. Their occurrence may primarily be related to an inflammation of the mammary gland and one should suppose that, exept for S. xylosus, they have directly originated from the milkers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Biochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Hummel¹,

Lehmann²

1994

Acta Vet. Brno

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Hum mel, R., G . L e h man n : Bovine coagulase-negative Staphylococci: Biochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Acta vet. Brno, 63,1994: 133-139.Staphylococcus (S.) simulans, S. chromogenes, and S. epidermidis were the species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) most frequently involved in subclinical mastitits of dairy cattle. The same biochemical features characterized the successive isolates of a particular chronically infected udder quarter. Occurrence rate of the various species differed between the herds examined. In cases of clinical mastitis of cows S. xylosus, S. simulans, S. haemolyticus, and S. chromogenes predominated. A comparison between strains of the particular CNS species from infections in man and cattle did not show host attributable biochemical features or profiles obtained by polymerase chain reaction using arbitrary primers (AP-PCR). Materials and Methods Bacterial strainsThe CNS examined in this study originated from cases of clinical mastitis (54 strains) and of subclinical mastitits (57 strains) in cattle. For comparison, 8 strains from infections in man were included in these studies.Of the strains from bovine clinical mastitis 41 were isolated from udder secretions in 39 dairy herds submitted for bacteriological examination to the regional veterinary laboratory. An additional 13 strains originated from Belgium.The 57 strains from subclinical mastitis were selected in five large herds of cattle (Table 1) with 300 to 500 cows each. An infection of the mammary gland means isolation of CNS in pure culture together with an elevated total cell count (>300 000 cells/ml milk). Sampling of udder secretions was carried out before and after milking. Repeated isolates from a particular udder quarter possessed of the same biochemical features were considered a single strain. The 57 strains represented a total of 580 isolates. All of the herds practised post milking teat dipping but only two of them (herds Np and Lu) applied a proper hygiene at milking. There was an occasional history of Streptococcus agalacriae in these herds and the infected cows were removed for slaughter.In herd Np quarter milk samples from 463 cows at freshening were investigated for the presence of CNS infections. 21 cows with 29 chronically CNS infected quarters in herd Np were resampled monthly or bimonthly to the next freshening. The 29 strains represented a total of 502 isolates. In herds Mo and Zi, respectively, 7 out of 197 and 3 out of 293 cows could be found chronically infected. Three consecutive samplings were performed and a total of 42 isolates gathered. Herds Ka and Lu have been sampled only once.

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Prevalence of Staphylococcus Species During the Periparturient Period in Primiparous and Multiparous Cows

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

Incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period without or with antibiotic treatment in dairy cows – a quantitative analysis of published data

Incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period without or with antibiotic treatment in dairy cows – a quantitative analysis of published data

Quarter- and cow-level risk factors for intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci species in Swiss dairy cows

Bovine Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Biochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction

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