Prevalence of ST9 Methicillin-Resistant
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
            among Pigs and Pig Handlers in Malaysia

Neela, Vasanthakumari; Zafrul, Arif Mohd; Mariana, N. S.; Belkum, Alex van; Liew, Yun Khoon; Ghaznavi‐Rad, Ehsanollah

doi:10.1128/jcm.01363-09

Cited by 105 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of CC9, the most prevalent MRSA lineage among pigs, varies widely: 1.4 % in Malaysia [135], 10 % in Thailand [136], 4 to 13.9 % in Taiwan [137,138], 11.4 to 14.7 % in China [139,140], and 21.3 % in Hong Kong [141]. However, a recent study found a high nasal rate (40 %) of MRSA CC9 among pigs in Thailand [142].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…MRSA CC9 isolates also have been detected in dust samples from pig farms in China [143] and at a low frequency in chickens and meat (chicken and beef) samples from Hong Kong [141,144]. Similarly, MRSA CC9 among pig farmers in Asian countries also appears low (5-19 %) [135,138,139].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 88%

“…LA-MRSA CC9 isolates with NT SCCmec cassettes also have been described in Taiwan [78,137,138], and recently a novel SCCmec type with ccrAB type 1 and mec class C was found in ST9-t337 from Thailand [136]. Moreover, distribution of the different spa types also is country related: t899 predominates in China [139,140] and Hong Hong [141,144], t4358 in Malaysia [135], and t337 in Thailand [76,136]; however, other related spa types (such as t2922) have been found in LA-MRSA CC9 [140].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LA-MRSA ST9 isolates carry different types of SCCmec depending on the country: types IV and V in Taiwan [78]; types III and IVb in China [139,140]; type IV, IVb, or V in Hong Kong [141,144,145]; type V in Malaysia [135]; and type IX in Thailand [142,146]. LA-MRSA CC9 isolates with NT SCCmec cassettes also have been described in Taiwan [78,137,138], and recently a novel SCCmec type with ccrAB type 1 and mec class C was found in ST9-t337 from Thailand [136].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Butaye

Argudín

Smith

2016

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

116

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a relatively recent phenomenon in veterinary medicine. Although in the beginning it was restricted to a single clonal complex (CC), CC398, it has expanded into several clonal complexes, and the diversity of subtypes in the clonal complexes is increasing also. The prevalence of each type is determined somewhat geographically; for instance, the most prevalent clonal complex in Europe is CC398, whereas in Asia, it is CC9. Although few data exist regarding North America, the situation appears to be mixed there. The SCCmec cassettes detected in LA-MRSA are limited mainly to SCCmec IVa and SCCmec V, although non-typeable cassettes and SCCmec type XI, containing mecC, also have been found.The source of the SCCmec in LA-MRSA was discovered to be animals. In searching from which bacteria the SCCmec cassettes in LA-MRSA have been transferred, the most obvious species to consider are the methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus staphylococci (MRNaS). However, very few data are available from those species in animals, and the data that do exist are not detailed enough to determine the origin. Nevertheless, similar cassettes were found in MRNaS, indicating a possible origin that needs to be investigated further.

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Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Butaye

Argudín

Smith

2016

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

116

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“…However, the epidemiology of LA-MRSA difers in other geographic areas. A diferent strain of LA-MRSA, CC9, appears to be the prominent type in several Asian countries [28][29][30][31][32]. Poultry may harbor CC398 strains [16,33,34] but CC5 [33,35] and other types unrelated to CC398 have also been reported [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

Chon¹,

Sung²,

Khan³

2017

Frontiers in Staphylococcus Aureus

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a growing concern in companion and food-producing animals. The presence of multidrug-resistance with a wide range of extracellular enterotoxin genes, virulence factors, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) cytotoxin genes confer life-threatening traits on MRSA and makes them highly pathogenic and diicult to treat. Clonal complex 398 (CC398), a predominant clonal lineage of livestock-associated-MRSA in domestic animals and retail meat, is capable of infecting humans. In order to monitor and prevent MRSA contamination, it is critical to understand its source and transmission dynamics. In this review, we describe MRSA in food-producing animals (pig, catle, chicken), horses, pet animals (dogs, cats), and food products (pork, beef, chicken, milk, and ish).

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High-Density Livestock Operations, Crop Field Application of Manure, and Risk of Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection in Pennsylvania

et al. 2013

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IMPORTANCE Nearly 80% of antibiotics in the United States are sold for use in livestock feeds. The manure produced by these animals contains antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resistance genes, and antibiotics and is subsequently applied to crop fields, where it may put community members at risk for antibiotic-resistant infections.OBJECTIVE To assess the association between individual exposure to swine and dairy/veal industrial agriculture and risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSA population-based, nested case-control study of primary care patients from a single health care system in Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2010. Incident MRSA cases were identified using electronic health records, classified as community-associated MRSA or health care-associated MRSA, and frequency matched to randomly selected controls and patients with skin and soft-tissue infection. Nutrient management plans were used to create 2 exposure variables: seasonal crop field manure application and number of livestock animals at the operation. In a substudy, we collected 200 isolates from patients stratified by location of diagnosis and proximity to livestock operations.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Community-associated MRSA, health care-associated MRSA, and skin and soft-tissue infection status (with no history of MRSA) compared with controls. RESULTSFrom a total population of 446 480 patients, 1539 community-associated MRSA, 1335 health care-associated MRSA, 2895 skin and soft-tissue infection cases, and 2914 controls were included. After adjustment for MRSA risk factors, the highest quartile of swine crop field exposure was significantly associated with community-associated MRSA, health care-associated MRSA, and skin and soft-tissue infection case status (adjusted odds ratios, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.13-1.69], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.05-1.61], and 1.37 [95% CI, 1.18-1.60], respectively); and there was a trend of increasing odds across quartiles for each outcome (P Յ .01 for trend in all comparisons). There were similar but weaker associations of swine operations with community-associated MRSA and skin and soft-tissue infection. Molecular testing of 200 isolates identified 31 unique spa types, none of which corresponded to CC398 (clonal complex 398), but some have been previously found in swine. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEProximity to swine manure application to crop fields and livestock operations each was associated with MRSA and skin and soft-tissue infection. These findings contribute to the growing concern about the potential public health impacts of high-density livestock production.

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Prevalence of ST9 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Pigs and Pig Handlers in Malaysia

Cited by 105 publications

References 21 publications

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Food- Producing and Companion Animals and Food Products

High-Density Livestock Operations, Crop Field Application of Manure, and Risk of Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection in Pennsylvania

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