Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the Republic of the Congo: Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of prenatal alcohol exposure

Williams, Andrew D.; Nkombo, Yannick; Nkodia, Gery; Leonardson, Gary R.; Burd, Larry

doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.131

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…20 About 80% of the world’s smokers now live in low- and middle-income countries, though, and there is fear that maternal smoking rates may rapidly rise in response to forceful tobacco marketing efforts directed towards women and children in the developing world, as well as a general lack of adequate tobacco controls. 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Smoking Rates Among Pregnant Women and the General Female Population in Australia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Reitan

Callinan

2016

NICTOB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:Smoking rates have dropped substantially in most developed countries in recent decades. This general trend has, however, not always been evident among women—particularly younger women. Smoking habits do, however, often change in connection with pregnancy and the aim of this study is to determine whether smoking during pregnancy follows general trends in smoking rates in the general female population in four countries with active anti-tobacco policies and decreasing population smoking rates.Methods:Changes in rates of persistent smoking, that is, smoking in late pregnancy or daily smoking among all women of childbearing age were described according to age groups. Data were retrieved from the Australian Household Drug Surveys during 2000–2013 and from registries and surveys in Finland, Norway, and Sweden between 1995 and 2014.Results:In general, persistent smoking has decreased and late-pregnancy smoking rates are lower than daily smoking rates among all women. However, younger women are more likely to be persistent smokers regardless of pregnancy status. In Norway and Finland, persistent smoking was most common among young pregnant women and in Sweden there was an increased polarization between age groups. In Australia, a steady decrease in smoking rates appears to have stalled in younger pregnant women.Conclusion:Although smoking has declined substantially in recent decades, there are groups lagging behind this general trend. Young pregnant women are of particular concern in this respect. The possibility that these findings reflect the changing characteristics of younger pregnant women is discussed.Implications:This study puts recent trends in maternal smoking into a broader context by relating developments to changes in smoking rates among women in general. By using similar data from four countries we were able to follow changes in smoking rates “within” groups of women within the four countries without being limited by methodological problems related to cross-country or inter-group comparisons. We were above all able to show that aggregate data disclose the strong age gradient in maternal smoking habits.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Smoking Rates Among Pregnant Women and the General Female Population in Australia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Reitan

Callinan

2016

NICTOB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Continued drinking after recognition of pregnancy indicates that PAE likely occurs over all three trimesters of pregnancy for nearly 1 in every 5 pregnancies in Congo. Prenatal smoking increases duration and magnitude of exposure [21]. As a result there is a widespread concern about the adverse effects of alcohol during pregnancy and the lack of affordable evidence based intervention programs for use in the Congo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Novel Low Cost Intervention to Reduce Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the Congo

Williams¹,

Nkombo²,

Nkodia³

et al. 2014

OJPed

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Determine the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure in the Congo. Methods: We utilized a screening tool validated in the Congo to identify women who were drinking during pregnancy. The intervention was implemented by prenatal care providers comparing 162 women receiving the intervention with 58 (controls) who did not. The study endpoints were proportion of women who quit drinking, drinking days per week, drinks per drinking day, most drinks on any day, and number of binge episodes per week. Results: In the control group 36% of the women quit drinking compared to 54% in the intervention group (Chi-square 5.61; p = 0.02). The number of drinking days per week for the controls decreased by 50.1% compared to 68% for the intervention group (p = 0.008); drinks per drinking day for the controls decreased by 37% compared to 60.1% for the intervention group (p = 0.001); and most drinks on any occasion in the controls decreased by 38% compared to 61% for the intervention group (p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a low cost in-office intervention to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure in the Congo. At $1.50 per beer, the reduction in drinks per week would more than pay for the cost of the intervention. In addition to efforts to reduce alcohol use prior to pregnancy in the Congo, providers can now offer an evidence based intervention to reduce exposure for women who continue to drink during pregnancy.

show abstract

Alcohol use, smoking and their co-occurrence during pregnancy among Canadian women, 2003 to 2011/12

Lange

Probst

Quere³

et al. 2015

Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the Republic of the Congo: Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of prenatal alcohol exposure

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Changes in Smoking Rates Among Pregnant Women and the General Female Population in Australia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Changes in Smoking Rates Among Pregnant Women and the General Female Population in Australia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden

Effectiveness of a Novel Low Cost Intervention to Reduce Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the Congo

Alcohol use, smoking and their co-occurrence during pregnancy among Canadian women, 2003 to 2011/12

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About