Abstract:Introduction:Smoking rates have dropped substantially in most developed countries in recent decades. This general trend has, however, not always been evident among women—particularly younger women. Smoking habits do, however, often change in connection with pregnancy and the aim of this study is to determine whether smoking during pregnancy follows general trends in smoking rates in the general female population in four countries with active anti-tobacco policies and decreasing population smoking rates.Methods… Show more
“…Breastfeeding enhances protection against infectious diseases and supports the maturation of the immune system (16)(17)(18). In our study, the proportion of smokers among the mothers of the controls (14%) reflects the universal smoking habits of women in Finland (19). In this study, 23% of mothers of PFAPA patients smoked.…”
Maternal smoking and lack of breastfeeding, known risk factors for common childhood infections, were more common in patients with PFAPA syndrome than in matched controls. Environmental factors may be important in the pathogenesis of PFAPA syndrome and should be evaluated in future studies. What is Known: • The pathogenesis and genetics of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome remain unsolved. • PFAPA syndrome has been shown to cluster in families. What is New: • Maternal smoking and lack of breastfeeding are more common in patients with PFAPA syndrome than in the controls. • Environmental risk factors may be important in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
“…Breastfeeding enhances protection against infectious diseases and supports the maturation of the immune system (16)(17)(18). In our study, the proportion of smokers among the mothers of the controls (14%) reflects the universal smoking habits of women in Finland (19). In this study, 23% of mothers of PFAPA patients smoked.…”
Maternal smoking and lack of breastfeeding, known risk factors for common childhood infections, were more common in patients with PFAPA syndrome than in matched controls. Environmental factors may be important in the pathogenesis of PFAPA syndrome and should be evaluated in future studies. What is Known: • The pathogenesis and genetics of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome remain unsolved. • PFAPA syndrome has been shown to cluster in families. What is New: • Maternal smoking and lack of breastfeeding are more common in patients with PFAPA syndrome than in the controls. • Environmental risk factors may be important in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
“…Our findings also show the very high smoking rates among pregnant substance abusers, especially in comparison to pregnant women at large (Reitan & Callinan, 2016). The smoking rate in this study was 59%, but it is likely to have been substantially higher; daily smoking rates among female clients and younger clients in compulsory care are around 90% (National Board of Institutional Care, 2016a).…”
Section: Stage Of Gestation At Admissionmentioning
Aim: Studies of drug use during pregnancy have generally focused on individual substances or specific combinations of drugs. The aim of this article is to increase our knowledge about polydrug use and pregnancy in a Nordic context by describing the sociodemographic characteristics of a clinical population of pregnant women with severe substance use, examining the scope and type of polydrug use and analysing factors associated with concurrent use of many, as opposed to a few, drugs. Method: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women on admission to compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden between 2000 and 2009 (n ¼ 119 women, representing 128 pregnancies). Data were retrieved from administrative registers and client records. Univariate links between demographic, social, obstetrical, treatment history variables and polydrug use were examined. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between explanatory variables and polydrug use. Results: The average number of drugs being used concurrently was 2.65, and injection drug use was recorded in 73% of the pregnancies. Opiates and amphetamines were the most common primary drugs, followed by alcohol. The likelihood of polydrug use increased with first trimester pregnancy, planned (as opposed to emergency) committals, as well as the combination of partner substance abuse and injection drug use. Conclusions: Polydrug use was widespread among pregnant substance abusers. Policies, interventions and research often focus on individual drugs separately, but for clinical populations in particular there is a need to address drug use broadly, including a systematic recording of smoking habits. This also entails awarding more attention to those not eligible for established interventions, such as opiate maintenance treatment, and giving more consideration to a variety of life circumstances, such as partner drug use.
“…There are closing gender gaps, with more women taking up smoking. 1,6,7 These findings also suggest that smoking in females in India is seen in young educated employed population with no financial constraints. However, the resultant consequences so associated, for the future generations, need to be considered seriously.…”
Background: Smoking amongst women is increasing in the developing countries like India. There is paucity of data on the knowledge, attitude and practices of smoking amongst females in India. Hence a study was planned to assess the same.Methods: It was a qualitative research using descriptive questionnaire, prepared using the basic protocols available as per WHO Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted by self-reporting, from February to March, 2018 in the University Institute of Applied Management Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh. It was administered to 111 females aged 18 to 35 years, residing in Chandigarh.Results: Total22.5% of the female respondents were current smokers. Majority of them belonged to the age group of 26-35years; were either employed or were studying and felt that females resorted to smoking for gaining pleasure and relieving stress. Most of them were aware of passive smoking. Majority felt that people who smoke should quit for their own health and for their families and street plays, public awareness camps, television and cinema halls are important mediums for helping to quit. Will power be found to be most important to help smokers quit. Some quoted the role of nicotine replacement therapy, exercise, individual counseling etc also. Majority of the females started smoking early, at an age of 16-25years, consuming 1-10cigarettes per day and had been smoking since more than a year when interviewed. Smoking was primarily introduced by peers. All the smokers were aware of different types of smoking hazards, most commonly reported as cancer and asthma. 16/25 smokers wanted to quit and 14/16 had tried in the past but were unsuccessful.Conclusions: This study gives an indication of rising smoking trend in females. Smoking cessation measures need to be made more gender-sensitive, targeting females in their early ages.
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