Prevalence of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis among Patients Who Visited Saint Paul’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nugussie, Dinna Abera; Mohammed, Getachew Ali; Tefera, Anteneh Tesfaye

doi:10.1155/2017/6325484

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The fact that this age group is a driving force of the economy of Ethiopia, might suggest that TB is applying a considerable influence on the economy of the country. In supporting our finding a high risk of infection in this age group relates to having a higher number of social contacts in the community during young adulthood [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Introduction Multi-drug resistance is a major challenge in the control of tuberculosis. Despite newer modalities for diagnosis and treatment, people are still suffering from this disease. Understanding the common gene mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance is crucial for the implementation of effective molecular tools at local and national levels. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the molecular detection of rifampicin and isoniazid-resistant gene mutations in M . tuberculosis isolates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method Health Center-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2017 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The collected sputum samples were processed for mycobacterial isolation and Region of difference 9 based polymerase chain reaction for species identification. To characterize the rifampicin and isoniazid-resistant M . tuberculosis isolates, a molecular genetic assay (GenoType MTBDR plus ) was used; the assay is based on DNA-STRIP technology. Result Culture positivity was confirmed in 82.6% (190/230) of smear-positive newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases enrolled in the study. From 190 isolates 93.2% were sensitive for both rifampicin and isoniazid, and 6.8% of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested anti-TB drugs. Gene mutations were observed in all studied multidrug resistance-associated gene loci ( rpoB , katG , and inhA ). Two isolates exhibited heteroresistance, a mutated, as well as wild type sequences, were detected in the respective strains. MDR-TB case was observed in 1.1% (2/190) of the cases. All the MDR-TB cases were positive for HIV and found to have a history of prior hospital admission. Conclusion In our finding a relatively high prevalence of any drug resistance was observed and the overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 1.1%.The majority of drug-resistant isolates demonstrated common mutations. Heteroresistant strains were detected, signaling the existence of an M . tuberculosis population with variable responses to anti-tuberculosis drugs or of mixed infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…In the present study, incidence of tuberculosis was relatively higher in male participants (56. This study demonstrated that the majority of the tuberculosis patients were in the age group of 56 to 65 years (30%) which is in line with the study of Shrestha et al 6 where the highest prevalence rate was among the age group of 41 to 60 years (17.2%).The result found in the present study is totally in contrast with the study of Dinna et al 9 where…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Baseline Study of Sputum Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Western Region of Nepal

Dhakal¹,

Nepal²,

Atreya³

et al. 2018

Med. J. Shree Birendra Hosp.

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Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health issue in Nepal. Early detection of tuberculosis is essential to identify the case which limits the transmission of tuberculosis and builds an effective approach of tuberculosis control policy. Therefore, the present study is aimed to assess the case of tuberculosis by sputum smear examination.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal. Two sputum samples were collected from each suspect – spot specimen on the first day and one early morning specimen on the second day. The standard protocol of Ziehl Neelsen stain was applied to detect the acid fast bacilli.Results: Out of 280 smears from suspected patients, only 30 showed smear positivity (10.7%). Among the total identified positive case of tuberculosis (30/280), the highest rate was observed in the age group of 56-65 years. Males (56.7%) were highly affected by tuberculosis than females (43.3%). The minimum age of the suspects was two years and maximum age was of 105 years with mean age of 53.6 years.Conclusions: It is concluded that prevalence of tuberculosis is high in patients attending tertiary care hospital in Western region of Nepal, which is slightly higher than the annual report of National Tuberculosis Program 2017. Incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is higher in males as compared to females.

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“…The 2017 WHO global TB report lists Uganda as a high HIV/TB burden country. In 2016, Uganda notified 44816 TB cases [2], and data from the TB prevalence survey put the prevalence and incidence rates at 253/100,000 and 234/100,000 respectively [3]. Uganda has a decentralized laboratory health system with laboratory services decentralized up to lower level health facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health seeking behavior among individuals presenting with chronic cough at referral hospitals in Uganda; Missed opportunity for early tuberculosis diagnosis

et al. 2019

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the 9 th leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Patients live in a complex health care system with both formal and informal providers, and it is important that a TB diagnosis is not missed at the first interaction with the health care system. In this study, we highlight the health seeking behavior of patients and missed opportunities for early TB diagnosis for which interventions could be instituted to ensure early TB diagnosis and prompt TB treatment initiation. Methods This study was nested in a cross-sectional study that assessed the accuracy of different Xpert MTB/Rif implementation strategies in programmatic settings at the referral hospitals in Uganda. We documented the symptom profile of presumptive TB patients and assessed the health seeking behavior of those with chronic cough by calculating proportion of patients that visited each type of health facility and further calculated the odds of being TB positive given the type of health facility initially visited for consultation. Results A total of 1,863 presumptive TB patients were enrolled of which 979 (54.5%) were male, and 1795 (99.9%) had chronic cough. A total of 1352 (75.4%) had previously sought care for chronic cough, with 805 (59.6%) seeking care from a public health facility followed by private health facility (289; 21.4%). Up to 182 (13.5%) patients visited a drug store for chronic cough. Patients whose first contact was a private health facility were more likely to have a positive GeneXpert test (adjOR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.9; p = 0.047). Conclusions Chronic cough is a main symptom for many of the presumptive TB patients presenting at referral hospitals, with several patients having to visit the health system more than once before a TB diagnosis is made. This suggests the need for patients to be thoroughly evaluated at first interface with the health care system to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation. Improved TB diagnosis possibly with the GeneXpert test, at first contact with the health care system has potential to increase TB case finding and break the transmission cycle in the community.

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Prevalence of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis among Patients Who Visited Saint Paul’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Molecular detection of multidrug resistance pattern and associated gene mutations in M. tuberculosis isolates from newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Baseline Study of Sputum Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Western Region of Nepal

Health seeking behavior among individuals presenting with chronic cough at referral hospitals in Uganda; Missed opportunity for early tuberculosis diagnosis

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