“…A similar process was noted during the development of papilloma in a goldfish hybrid ( Carassius auratus gibelio ), koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) (Hongda et al., 2009) and common catfish ( Silurus glanis ) (Golovina, 2003). Such epidermal formations, mostly benign, are quite common in fish of various species (Carlisle & Roberts, 1977; Chukalova et al., 2013; Hongda et al., 2009; Peters & Waterman, 1979; Schubert, 1966) and are believed to be caused by chemical pollutants (Beckwith et al., 2000; Chen et al., 1996), injuries to the skin (Peters & Waterman, 1979) and viruses (Graham et al., 2004; Herman et al., 1997; Schubert, 1966). Herpes virus has been detected in papilloma tissues using electron microscopy (Carlisle & Roberts, 1977; Peters, 1984; Shchelkunov et al., 1992; Wolf, 1988; Yamamoto et al, 1984), but it has not been isolated in cell cultures.…”