The present study supports the usefulness of ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, as a valid diagnostic tool in the field of fish oncology. The immunohistochemical patterns observed in four neoplasms on four individual teleosts belonging to different species are described. Cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, S100, calretinin, and Melan-A antibodies were used. Diagnoses of papilloma in a Bream Abramis brama, fibroma in a Sand Steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus, schwannoma in a Crucian Carp Carassius carassius, and melanoma in a spontaneously inbred Xiphophorus hybrid were made. Diagnosis of tumors in fish is not always easy to carry out, and the tool provided by antibodies used on mammalian tissue is essential for obtaining definitive, unambiguous, and inexpensive identification.
Title: Species identification in mussels (Mytilus spp.): a case study on products sold on the Italian market underlines issues and suggests strategies to face a not still solved problem Article Type: Short Communication
This study represents the first report of Hysterothylacium incurvum within swordfish (Xiphias gladius) heart chambers. Swordfish is a large pelagic teleost, considered one of the most appreciated fish worldwide. Among swordfish parasites, Anisakis sp. and Hysterothylacium sp. have been used to evaluate biological and ecological aspects of this teleost. Between 2021 and 2022, 364 X. gladius hearts, caught from the Atlantic Ocean (FAO 27.IXa and FAO 34 areas), were collected at the Milan fish market (Lombardy, Italy). Three specimens from FAO 27.IXa was positive for seven adult nematodes (p = 1.55%) within the heart chambers. Of these, three specimens were found within the bulbus arteriosus and 4 in the ventricle. All parasites were stored in 70% ethanol and processed for parasitological and molecular analysis using Cox2, ITS regions/ITS-I-5.8S-ITS-II, and rrnS genes. The analysis allowed us to identify the retrieved parasite as H. incurvum. According to our evaluation, the final localization is due to the movement of L3 larvae from the coelomic cavity to the bloodstream, with consequent development to the adult stage within the heart. Finally, the parasite localization, considered non-marketable fish parts, does not pose a significant risk to consumers, also considering the low zoonotic potential of H. incurvum.
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