Prevalence of Shigella, Salmonella and Cmpylobacter Species and Their Susceptibility Patters Among Under Five Children With Diarrhea in Hawassa Town, South Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundDiarrhea is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, up-to-date data on etiologic agent and susceptibility pattern are important for the management of bacterial diarrhea in under-five children, which was the main objective of this study.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa Adare Hospital and Millennium Health Center from June 6 to October 28, 2011. A total of 158 under-five children with diarrhea were selected using convenient sampling technique. Demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaire. Fecal samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing following standard bacteriological techniques.ResultA total of 158 fecal samples were collected from 81(51.3%) males and 77(48.7%) females of under-five children with diarrhea. Of the 158 fecal samples, 35(22.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated. The isolated bacteria were Campylobacter species, 20 (12.7%), Shigella species, 11 (7.0%), and Salmonella species, 4 (2.5%). The majority of the isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid and Cotrimoxazol and high rate of drug resistance was observed against Erythromycin and Amoxicillin.ConclusionsThe finding of this study indicates that Campylobacter species were the predominant etiologies and the presence of bacterial isolates resistant to the commonly prescribed drugs for treating diarrhea in children. Therefore, periodic monitoring of etiologic agent with their drug resistant pattern is essential in the management of diarrhea in children.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella and Salmonella Species among Patients with Diarrhea Attending Gondar Town Health Institutions, Northwest Ethiopia

“…was found to be lower than studies done in Ethiopia at different places: Harar (11.5%) (29), Jimma : (15.4% ) (33), (6.2%) (19). However, it was consistent with the findings reported in Tanzania (0.8%) (34) and in Ethiopia: Hawasa: (0%) (32), (2.5%) (35), Gondar: (1.6%) (12), and (0%) (36). This might be due to the increasing awareness of the people about personal and environmental hygiene made by the health institutions and other partners.…”

Helicobacter pullorum: An Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen

“…In another study 158 fecal samples were collected from under-five children with diarrhea and 35 bacterial pathogens were isolated. The bacterial isolates comprised of Campylobacter species, 20 (12.7%), Shigella species, 11 (7.0%), and Salmonella species, 4 (2.5%) indicating that diarrheagenic pathogens other than H. pullorum are the main etiologic agents of diarrhea in children (Mulatu et al, 2014). Therefore, the evidence of the bacterium's association with diarrheal disease is weak; however it seems likely that Crohn's disease and cholelitiasis have more significant associations with H. pullorum infection.…”

Rapid Molecular Approach for Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholera

“…Microorganisms such as Shigella , Salmonella , Vibrio , Escherichia coli , Campylobacter jejuni , Giardia lamblia , Cryptosporidium , and Rotaviruses have been reported to be the most important causes of diarrheal outbreaks. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae are the most important bacterial causes of diarrhea in Iran 2, 3, 4, 5.…”

“…Shigella spp. are the causative agents of inflammatory diarrhea and dysentery, thus presenting a serious challenge to public health authorities worldwide [5]. Although shigellosis has no known animal reservoirs, we are still lacking an effective vaccine owing to poor immune responses to oral vaccines and existence of multiple serotypes [8].…”

“…The prevalence of Salmonella infection varies depending on the waste disposal, water supply, food preparation practices, and climate. Gastroenteritis is the most common disease among children caused by Salmonella [5].…”