Prevalence of school bullying and its relationship with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background School bullying is the most widespread form of violence among adolescents. It has been identified as a critical problem for students and has evolved into a public health issue and global crisis. The study aims to assess the prevalence of school bullying among primary school students and its relationship with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorders. Among the 280 primary school students those aged 10–12 years were recruited. All participants were assessed by parent interview, the Arabic version of the bullying behavior scale for children and adolescents and the Arabic version of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale-28. Results We found that the prevalence rate of bullying behavior was 12.5% among students. In bullying students’ group, males were higher percentage (15.8%) than females (9%). Also, they had the highest mean scores regarding verbal bullying and social bullying, followed by psychological and physical bullying. Regarding Conners’, the higher mean scores of conduct problem, passive-inattentive, and hyperactivity index were associated with bullying students in compared to students without bullying. Conclusions The prevalence of school bullying among primary school students was 12.5%. Also, there was significant association between bullying students and having attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and/or conduct disorder.

Epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: An overview of etiology, prevalence, and treatment

“…Comparable results were found in frontal lobe epilepsy in a cohort study of non-lesional frontal lobe epilepsy: as many as one-third of the patients exhibited ADHD or impulsivity difficulties ( Prévost et al, 2006 ). The prefrontal cortex pre-supplementary motor area and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), have a key role in the executive functions, such as inhibition control and set shifting The high prevalence of ADHD in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy may be a reflection of the dysregulation of the frontal lobe networks ( Ahmed et al, 2022 ). The remarkable association of the frontal lobe and, as evidenced biologically, electrographically, and structurally, is also reflected in benign well-controlled CAE that as generalized epilepsy involves major frontal lobe networks.…”

“…Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding the association between epilepsy and ADHD; the independent (circumstantial) hypothesis - holds that both disorders are highly prevalent, hence it is very probable that some of the children will eventually be found to have both diagnoses. The second theory claims dependent association which can be direct contribution of the seizures, interictal epileptiform discharges and the anti-seizure medications to the attention deficit and hyperactive behavior or a multifactorial linkage ( Ahmed et al, 2022 ). The functional impairment of this network may be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors which differ in their impact, eventually leading to a net result of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity.…”