Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus infection in young children with gastroenteritis in Gaborone, Botswana

Basu, Gorav; Rossouw, Jacques E.; Sebunya, Teresa K.; Gashe, Berhanu A.; Beer, M. De; Dewar, John Barr; Steele, A D

doi:10.4314/eamj.v80i12.8783

Cited by 41 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…10,14 In Africa, lower prevalence of 3.0%, 9.8% and 7.8% have been observed. 6,13,15 A similar prevalence (23.0%) was obtained in a study in Tanzania. 12 Lower prevalence such as, 4.0% have been reported in Finland, 16 4.9% in Brazil 17 and 3.6% in Denmark.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…7 In Nigeria, few available studies conducted in the Southern and Northcentral regions have associated adenoviruses with 3.8% 9 and 6.7% 10 of pediatric diarrhea. In Northwestern Nigeria, there is no published information on the epidemiology of EAds which some studies [11][12][13] have implicated as the second most important viral agent associated with gastroenteritis in children. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiology of human enteric adenoviruses associated with gastroenteritis in children 0-5 years old in Northwestern Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea disease in Northwestern Nigeria

et al. 2007

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Background: Adenoviruses, particularly enteric adenoviruses (EAds) type 40 (Ad40) and type 41(Ad41), can cause acute and severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. This study was conducted to delineate the epidemiological features of adenoviruses identified in children with gastroenteritis in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods: All 282 specimens comprising 248 diarrheic and 34 non-diarrheic stools were randomly selected from 1063 stools previously analyzed for rotaviruses. These specimens were collected between July 2002 and July 2004 from children <5 years of age. The specimens were screened for the presence of adenoviruses using monoclonal antibody-based Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA), (Adenovirus RIDASCREEN ® r-Biopharm, UK) and the positive specimens were further examined for Ad40 and Ad41 using Premier Adenoclone ® -Type 40/41 EIA (Meridian Biosciences, USA). Negative staining electron microscopy was performed on selected specimens to confirm the presence of adenovirus particles. Results: Adenovirus antigen was detected in 63/282 (23%) of the diarrheic diarrheic and in 6/34 (17.6%) of the non-diarrheic specimens. Adenoviruses were detected throughout the study period with most patients infected in the age group 25-36 months. The male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1 (43/20). Clinical features included fever (60%: 38/63), vomiting (56%: 35/63), mild dehydration (49%: 31/63), symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection (13%: 8/63) and abdominal pain (5%: 3/63). Analysis of stool specimen in adenovirus infected patients showed watery diarrhea in 87% (55/63), diarrhea with mucus in 19% (12/63) and diarrhea with mucus and blood in 3% (2/63). Ten (10) percent of the children were hospitalized due to gastroenteritis while 9 patients (14.3%) had co-infections with rotavirus. Human EAds were detected in 8% of specimens mainly in the dry season and among children older than 2 years. The principal symptoms were diarrhea (100%), dehydration (80%) and fever (80%). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that adenoviruses are important etiologic agents of gastroenteritis in Northwestern Nigerian children. Key words: Adenovirus, diarrhea, clinical features, children, NigeriaRésumé Introduction: Adénoviruses, les adénovirus entériques (Eads) de type 40 (Ad40) et le type 41(Ad41), en particulier, peuvent provoquer des graves diarrhées aigues chez les jeunes enfants partout dans le monde. Cette étude a été réalisée pour délimiter les caractéristiques épidémiologiques des adénovirus identifiées chez les enfants avec gastro-entérite dans le nord-ouest du Nigéria. (Biosciences Méridien, USA). Coloration négative microscopie électronique a été opérée sur des échantillons sélectionnées afin de confirmer la présence des particules d'adénovirus. Résultats: L'antigène d'Adénovirus a été détecté en 63/282 soit 23% de la diarrhéique et 6/34 soit 17,6% des échantillons non-diarrhoeques. Adénovirus ont été détectés tout au long de la période d'étude avec la plupart des patients infectés dans le groupe d'âge 25-36 mois. La proportion d...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea disease in Northwestern Nigeria

et al. 2007

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“…However, the symptoms of gastroenteritis due to enteric adenovirus are associated with less vomiting and dryness. Globally, 35% -50%, 1% -2%, and 2% -31% of hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea are infected by rotavirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus, respectively (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genotyping of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children Below Five Years Old in Cairo, Egypt

Allayeh

Baz

Saeed³

et al. 2018

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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This work aimed to study the detection and genotyping of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and astrovirus in Egyptian hospitalized children below five years old, associated with non-bacterial diarrhea. In total, 119 fecal samples were obtained from the target population, admitted to Abu El-reesh hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Based on the findings, the detection rate of at least one viral infection was 36.7% in children below five years old, whereas, the overall detection rate of rotavirus, adenovirus, and coinfection was 31%, 6.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. No astrovirus infection was observed. Spring was the peak season for rotavirus and enteric adenovirus. The findings showed that higher rates of rotavirus (78%) and enteric adenovirus (100%) were identified in children less than two years of age. The dominant genotypes were G1P [8] (29.7%), G3P [8] (27%), and G1P [4] (18.9%) for rotaviruses and genotype 41 for enteric adenoviruses. Uncommon genotypes G1P [6] and G9P [8] were also detected in five (13.5%) and four (10.8%) samples, respectively. The present findings indicated that the high incidence of rotavirus and adenovirus in children below two years old. Thus, highlighting the necessity of vaccine development to reduce the incidence of acute viral gastroenteritis in Egypt.

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“…Noroviruses are most frequently recognized as a cause of gastrointestinal inflammation and causes more than 50% of all food borne disease in the US (3). Among the viral infectious agents of acute gastroenteritis, Rotavirus, human Calicivirus, Astrovirus, and Adenovirus have been characterized (4,5). The norwalk-like and sapporo-like viruses are recently renamed Norovirus and Sapoviruses, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Noroviruses Isolated From Children With Acute Gastroenteritis by Rt-PCR in Iran

Roodsari

Bitajian

Gachkar

et al. 2013

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Noroviruses are one of the major viral pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis. Outbreaks of diarrhea due to Norovirus have been reported frequently. This study is performed to determine the prevalence of Norovirus in fecal specimens of children with gastroenteritis. Many viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including Rotaviruses; Adenoviruses types 40 and 41; Sapoviruses; and Noroviruses. Current techniques used for detection of Noroviruses in stool samples include multi-step viral RNA extraction and purification followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to detect Norovirus in stool samples by Rt-PCR in 5 different centers in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this study, 2,170 stool samples were collected from children less than five years old from five different cities, all of whom had acute gastroenteritis. Detection of Noroviruses was performed through Rt-PCR. The mean age of the studied population was 48 months. Fecal specimens were collected within 24 hours of admission. The specimens were frozen, sent to the laboratory, and then stored at -70° C until being tested for Norovirus. Results: Rt-PCR was performed for 2,170 stool samples containing 90 (4.14%) Norovirus positive (0.97% Tehran, 0.64% Tabriz, 0.18% Mashhad, 1.57% Shiraz, 0.78% Bandar Abbas). The RT-PCR was validated with published primers for Norovirus (JV12/JV13). In both retrospective and prospective settings, the Rt-PCR was equally sensitive (95%) and specific (95%) in detecting Norovirus. Conclusions: Noroviruses, which are important human pathogens, may cause epidemic acute viral gastroenteritis which in turn can be easily detected by molecular methods.

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Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus infection in young children with gastroenteritis in Gaborone, Botswana

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea disease in Northwestern Nigeria

Adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea disease in Northwestern Nigeria

Detection and Genotyping of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children Below Five Years Old in Cairo, Egypt

Detection of Noroviruses Isolated From Children With Acute Gastroenteritis by Rt-PCR in Iran

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