Prevalence of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Coxiella burnetii in adult Ixodes ricinus ticks from 29 study areas in central and southern Sweden

Wallménius, Katarina; Pettersson, John H.‐O.; Jaenson, Thomas G. T.; Nilsson, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2011.11.003

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…6,11 However, contrary to our present finding, C. burnetii was not detected in ticks studied in Hungary, 46 in Germany, 40 or in Sweden. 47 This variation is most probably attributed to differences in animal management factors, for example, that domestic animals are housed within farms throughout their lifespan and are not allowed to graze on pastures in some European countries and the systematic use of acaricides, such as deltamethrin, that reduce tick populations and alter the ability of ticks to carry C. burnetii. This is different from Ethiopia where animals graze in communal pastures throughout the year that serve as an infectious source for blood-feeding ticks, and there is no regular use of acaricides as has been shown before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa¹,

Socolovschi²,

Almeras³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This study was conducted from September 2011 to March 2014 to address the occurrence and genotypes of Coxiella burnetii using molecular methods in ticks collected from domestic animals in Ethiopia. Ticks were tested for C. burnetii by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting two different genes followed by multispacer sequence typing (MST). An overall prevalence of 6.4% (54/842) of C. burnetii was recorded. C. burnetii was detected in 28.6% (14/49) of Amblyomma gemma, 25% (31/124) of Rhipicephalus pulchellus, 7.1% (1/14) of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, 3.2% (2/62) of Am. variegatum, 3.1% (4/128) of Am. cohaerens, 1.6% (1/63) of Rh. praetextatus, and 0.6% (1/153) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus. Significantly higher overall frequencies of C. burnetii DNA were observed in Am. gemma and Rh. pulchellus than in other tick species (Mantel-Haenszel [MH], P 0.0001). The overall frequency of C. burnetii was significantly higher (MH, P 0.0001) in ticks from southeastern districts (Arero, Moyale, and Yabelo) than that from other districts. This study demonstrated the presence of C. burnetii genotype MST 18 in ticks in southeastern districts and genotype MST 20 in ticks in central districts. This study highlights the importance of ticks in the epidemiology of C. burnetii in Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kumsa¹,

Socolovschi²,

Almeras³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…All cDNA samples from the ticks were individually assayed using a real-time PCR targeting the citrate synthase ( gltA ) gene of Rickettsia spp., as previously described [2, 14, 27]. Two to five μl cDNA was used as a template in each reaction, together with 0.25 μl LC Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) to minimize the risk of contamination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in Ticks and Serological and Clinical Outcomes in Tick-Bitten Individuals in Sweden and on the Åland Islands

et al. 2016

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Tick-transmitted diseases are an emerging health problem, and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector for Borrelia spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus and most of the spotted fever Rickettsiae in Europe. The aim of the present study was to examine the incidence of rickettsial infection in the southernmost and south central parts of Sweden and the Åland Islands in Finland, the risk of infection in humans and its correlation with a bite of a Rickettsia-infected tick, the self-reported symptoms of rickettsial disease, and the prevalence of co-infection between Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. Persons with a recent tick bite were enrolled through public media and asked to answer a questionnaire, provide a blood sample and bring detached ticks at enlistment and at follow-up three months later. Blood samples were previously analysed for Borrelia spp. antibodies and, for this report, analysed for antibodies to Rickettsia spp. by immunofluorescence and in 16 cases also using Western Blot. Ninety-six (44.0%) of the 218 participants were seropositive for IgG antibodies to Rickettsia spp. Forty (18.3%) of the seropositive participants had increased titres at the follow-up, indicating recent/current infection, while four (1.8%) had titres indicating probable recent/current infection (≥1:256). Of 472 ticks, 39 (8.3%) were Rickettsia sp. positive. Five (31.3%) of 16 participants bitten by a Rickettsia-infected tick seroconverted. Experience of the self-reported symptoms nausea (p = 0.006) and radiating pain (p = 0.041) was more common among those with recent, current or probable infection compared to those who did not seroconvert. Participants who showed seroreactivity or seroconversion to Rickettsia spp. had more symptoms than those who were seronegative. Seven (3.2%) participants showed seroconversion to Borrelia spp., and three (1.4%) of these showed seroconversion to both Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp., in accordance with previous studies in Sweden. Symptoms of rickettsial disease were in most of the cases vague and general that were difficult to differentiate from other tick-borne diseases.

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“…For samples that were negative in gel electrophoresis (1% agarose) 5 μl of the PCR product from the first round were used for nesting the ompB PCR product yielding a 267 bp ompB fragment [25]. When species identification was unclear, additional PCR assays representing the 17 kDa gene and ompA gene were used as previously described, except for some minor changes [26-28]. The thermal cycle amplifying a fragment of the 17 kDa gene, was moderated to initial heating at 94ºC for 3 min followed by 40 repeated cycles (94°C 30s, 55°C 1 min, 72°C 1 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCR assay targeting the ompA gene, was moderated with an initial denaturation step at 95ºC for 3 min, amplification cycle of 45 repeats with denaturation (95ºC 20s), annealing (46ºC 60s) and elongation (63ºC 60s) followed by final elongation at 72ºC for 7 min (Table 1). For analysis of the samples collected during 2010, a semi-nested PCR assay targeting the gltA gene was used as well [26,29]. In all conventional PCR assays, Taq PCR Core Kit with Q-solution was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotted fever Rickettsia species in Hyalomma and Ixodes ticks infesting migratory birds in the European Mediterranean area

et al. 2014

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BackgroundA few billion birds migrate annually between their breeding grounds in Europe and their wintering grounds in Africa. Many bird species are tick-infested, and as a result of their innate migratory behavior, they contribute significantly to the geographic distribution of pathogens, including spotted fever rickettsiae. The aim of the present study was to characterize, in samples from two consecutive years, the potential role of migrant birds captured in Europe as disseminators of Rickettsia-infected ticks.MethodsTicks were collected from a total of 14,789 birds during their seasonal migration northwards in spring 2009 and 2010 at bird observatories on two Mediterranean islands: Capri and Antikythira. All ticks were subjected to RNA extraction followed by cDNA synthesis and individually assayed with a real-time PCR targeting the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. For species identification of Rickettsia, multiple genes were sequenced.ResultsThree hundred and ninety-eight (2.7%) of all captured birds were tick-infested; some birds carried more than one tick. A total number of 734 ticks were analysed of which 353 ± 1 (48%) were Rickettsia-positive; 96% were infected with Rickettsia aeschlimannii and 4% with Rickettsia africae or unidentified Rickettsia species. The predominant tick taxon, Hyalomma marginatum sensu lato constituted 90% (n = 658) of the ticks collected. The remaining ticks were Ixodes frontalis, Amblyomma sp., Haemaphysalis sp., Rhipicephalus sp. and unidentified ixodids. Most ticks were nymphs (66%) followed by larvae (27%) and adult female ticks (0.5%). The majority (65%) of ticks was engorged and nearly all ticks contained visible blood.ConclusionsMigratory birds appear to have a great impact on the dissemination of Rickettsia-infected ticks, some of which may originate from distant locations. The potential ecological, medical and veterinary implications of such Rickettsia infections need further examination.

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Prevalence of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Coxiella burnetii in adult Ixodes ricinus ticks from 29 study areas in central and southern Sweden

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Ixodid Ticks in Oromia, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in Ticks and Serological and Clinical Outcomes in Tick-Bitten Individuals in Sweden and on the Åland Islands

Spotted fever Rickettsia species in Hyalomma and Ixodes ticks infesting migratory birds in the European Mediterranean area

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