Prevalence of proteinuria in school children (aged 12-14 years) in Kashmir valley, India, using dipstick method

Malla, H; Bhat, Ashraf M; Bashir, Shazia; Rather, Fayaz Ahamad; Najar, Saleem M; Wani, Imtiyaz Ahmad

doi:10.4103/1319-2442.190877

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Malla et al . in India, using dipstick, had a prevalence of 6.2% but no significant association with hypertension among 12–14-year-old school children 36. Proteinuria usually benign in the form of transient or orthostatic proteinuria may represent underlying renal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

et al. 2019

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Background:In children particularly in the developing world, there is a tendency to downplay the role of primary hypertension in their health. In adults, a number of factors have clearly been associated with the incidence of hypertension. Knowledge of the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among children in our environment is important and could inform the need for lifestyle changes and routine blood pressure (BP) checks in children so as to reduce BP-related health risks.Aim:The aim of this study is to document the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among children in Enugu, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Children aged 6–17 years attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for the study. Their socioeconomic status (SES), weight, height, BP, and dipstick urinalysis were measured using standardized methods. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). The prevalence of hypertension and the influence of these factors on their BP were analyzed.Results:Forty-six (9%) of the 491 participants had hypertension. Of these 46 hypertensive children, 72% were females while a significantly higher proportion 57% (P = 0.006), were in the age group 13–17 years. While age, gender, and the presence of protein in urine were significantly associated with hypertension in these children; body mass index, diet, family history of hypertension, and SES were not.Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension in children in this environment is high and appears to be increasing. There is need for routine BP and urinalysis check for all children in our clinics and wards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

et al. 2019

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“…A comparison of our study with published studies (national and international) 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 of urinary abnormality screening in children has been compiled in Supplementary Table S1 . In our study, the prevalence of isolated hematuria was 5.71% in the age group 8 to 12 years and 4.64% in the group 13 to 18 years, which was higher than that reported in most studies from developed countries and neighboring Asian countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-sectional Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index in Healthy School Children

Chaudhury

Reddy

Divyaveer

et al. 2017

Kidney International Reports

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IntroductionScreening school children for urinary abnormalities is an inexpensive task but is not commonly undertaken in India. Although debated in western countries, its utility in early diagnosis of kidney disorders has been proved by studies from Asia. We examined the prevalence of asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (AUA), obesity, and hypertension in school children and analyzed data to identify potential risk factors among those detected with such abnormalities.MethodsChildren and adolescents 8 to 18 years of age of either gender, attending 14 public schools in West Bengal, were screened prospectively from July 2013 to July 2016 for detecting asymptomatic urinary abnormalities by a spot urine test using a dipstick. Sociodemographic profile, medical examination (weight, height, and blood pressure), and questionnaire-based data were recorded.ResultsA total of 11,000 children were screened. Of these, data from 9306 children were available for AUA, obesity, and hypertension. The prevalence rate was 7.44% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.91%−7.97%) for at least 1 AUA. Isolated hematuria was present in 5.2% (95% CI 4.75%−5.65%), whereas isolated proteinuria was present in 1.9% (95% CI = 1.62%−2.18%). The prevalence of prehypertension was 13.43% (95% CI = 12.74%−14.12%) and that of hypertension and abnormal body mass index was 4.05% (95% CI = 6.43%−7.47%) and 38.67 (95% CI = 37.68%−39.66%) respectively.DiscussionThe prevalence rates of AUA were comparable with those in some Asian countries but higher than in most developed countries. Of children and adolescents 8 to 18 years of age, those 13 to 18 years had significantly more high risk factors such as AUA, hypertension, and obesity.

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“…When the proteinuria is detected for more than two occasions, it is called persistent proteinuria (PP), which portents the need for further evaluation. 5 Many countries have been conducting routine screening of school children for the presence of proteinuria since many decades. In Japan, where school children are screened for urine proteins, the incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is significantly low as compared to America where no such screening is performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies document a prevalence of persistent proteinuria range from 0.6% to 6.3% worldwide. 5 However, the data regarding its prevalence in India is scarce. In studies done in Kashmir and in Jaipur, the prevalence of persistent proteinuria was 2.7% and 2.5% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteinuria among school children aged 8-16 years in rural area of Karnataka

Varalakshmi¹,

S²

2021

IJPO

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is a devastating illness, and the mortality rate of the children is high and majority of them present at the later stages of disease. Early diagnosis of renal diseases with effective preventive and interventional strategies will help in reducing the burden of the disease. Urine protein estimation is one of the simplest, least expensive method to detect urinary abnormalities which may suggest the presence of renal disease. Presence of proteins in urine is termed proteinuria and its presence for more than 3 occasions is termed persistent proteinuria(PP). The present study is a cross-sectional one and was planned to determine prevalence of persistent proteinuria in 500 healthy school children aged between 8-16 years. Out of 500 students, proteinuria was positive in 4.4% of the students in the first visit and persistent in 2.4%. Proteinuria was positive and persistent in 1.8% of girls and 0.6% of boys. Proteinuria is an early marker of kidney disease. It is important to identify these cases to detect renal disease if any so that remedial steps can be taken to prevent the associated morbidity. Children with persistent proteinuria should be subjected to follow-up and further workup to identify the cause.

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Prevalence of proteinuria in school children (aged 12-14 years) in Kashmir valley, India, using dipstick method

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

A Cross-sectional Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Urinary Abnormalities, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index in Healthy School Children

Proteinuria among school children aged 8-16 years in rural area of Karnataka

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