Prevalence of postconcussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury in young adults from a single neurosurgical center in east coast of Malaysia

Balakrishnan, Buveinthiran; Rus, Razman Mohd; Chan, Kin Hup; Martin, Arvind G.; Awang, Mohd Shukrimi

doi:10.4103/ajns.ajns_49_18

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other symptoms can include photophobia, phonophobia, fatigue, reduced memory, sleep disturbances, inability to focus, inattention, anxiety, depression, dizziness, or irritability. 15 Approximately 30% to 40% of the patients with persistent PTH (veterans or civilians) reported features of co-existent PTSD. These patients with comorbid PTSD reported having worse headaches than those without PTSD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic headache: Pathophysiology and management - A review

Blumenfeld

McVige

Knievel

2022

Journal of Concussion

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Background Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common secondary headache due to traumatic brain injury. In the past, significant research has been conducted to understand the pathophysiology and treatment options for PTH. However, PTH still lacks evidence-based treatment, and most of the management depends on the primary phenotype observed in the patient. Objective The main objective of this review is to provide a single reference that covers the current understanding of the pathophysiology and the treatment options available for PTH. Methods A detailed literature search on PubMed was performed, and a narrative review was prepared. Results The pathophysiology of PTH is multifactorial. Acute PTH may be attributed to increased peripheral pain sensitization with impaired pain inhibiting pathways. Chronic or persistent PTH may be due to a chronic inflammatory response and peripheral as well as central sensitization. The mechanism responsible for the transition of acute to persistent PTH is unknown. The migraine-like phenotype is reported to be the most prevalent headache type seen in PTH. New targets for preventive treatment have been identified in recent years, such as neuropeptides like calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide, and glutamate. The preventive pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies employed for migraine (e.g. anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies, onabotulinumtoxinA, physical therapy, cognitive and behavioral treatment, and neurostimulation techniques) have shown in preliminary studies that they are potentially efficacious, but large, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials are needed to further establish these as treatment options for PTH. Conclusions The lack of evidence-based treatment for PTH has created a need for future large trials to confirm the safety and efficacy of the currently employed treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic headache: Pathophysiology and management - A review

Blumenfeld

McVige

Knievel

2022

Journal of Concussion

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“…Again like this study, the main reason for injury was traffic accidents. 15 Varner et al study in adults with acute mild traumatic brain injury, 20.3% had persistent concussion symptoms. Headache, use of drugs or alcohol at the time of injury, the injury happening by bike or motor vehicle crash, history of depression or anxiety, and numbness were defined to be independently related to persistent concussion symptoms in a month.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Demographic evaluation of Post-Concussion Syndrome in referrals to Bandar Abbas Forensic Medical Center, South of Iran from March 2020 to August 2021

Mohammadi¹,

Mirhadi²,

Vasigh³

et al. 2022

J. Contemp. Med. Sci.

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Objectives: The aim of the present study is the demographicassessment of PCS in referrals to forensic medical centersin Bandar Abbas. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on 72 patients with mild brain trauma who were referred to Bandar Abbas forensic medical center. PCS was confirmed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. Information on age, sex, mechanism of trauma, the time interval between the first visit to the forensic medical center, level of consciousness, number of hospitals stays days, number of days in ICU, and symptoms at initial referral were recorded in the designed form. Results: The mean age of patients was 30.81 Â± 13.39 years. There was a significant difference in sex and mechanisms of trauma (P < 0.001). The average time interval of the first referral to forensic medical center was 9.44 Â± 18.37 days.87.5% were hospitalized and only 9.7% were hospitalized at ICU. The consciousness level of all patients was in the range of 12 to 15 (mild range).Among symptoms, headache (87.5%) and dizziness (81.9%) were the most significant prevalent symptoms. 70.8% of patients had no symptoms one month after the accident but 12.5% still had symptoms and only 9.7% still had symptoms of concussion after3 months. Conclusion: According to the results, PCS mostly happened in the male gender and the main mechanism of trauma was an accident. Headache and dizziness were the main symptoms. Only a small percentage of patients have symptoms after one month and three months, post-injury.

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“…Hypersomnia is also associated with healing, time-consuming sleep and accidents due to drowsiness [32]. There are no data on the for 6 months after a head injury, because it is assumed that the effect will fade over time.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Injury and Head Ct Scanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post Concussion Syndrome Detection in Post Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Santoso¹,

Suwaryo²,

Asti³

2023

Babali Nurs. Res.

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Introduction: Some post-trauma brain injury patients who were treated and declared to be discharged or continued at home experienced a collection of somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial symptoms. This study was conducted to determine the initial condition of the patient when admitted to the hospital with the incidence of post-concussion syndrome. Method: This study uses a prospective cohort approach. In this study identified functional changes in patients such as cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances with respect to severity. Cognitive impairment was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and sleep disturbance was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The sample were 49 patients of traumatic brain injury in the emergency department of PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong Hospital. Results: The Age (p=0.000), GCS initial score (p=0.023), hospital admission diagnosis (p=0.000) and length of stay (p=0.000) had a relationship with the cognitive status of post-trauma brain injury patients. While the initial GCS score (p = 0.000) and the initial diagnosis of hospital admission (p = 0.001) had a relationship with sleep disturbances in post-trauma brain injury patients. Conclusions: Age, initial GCS score, hospital admission diagnosis and length of stay have a relationship with cognitive level in post-trauma brain injury patients. Initial GCS scores and early diagnosis of hospital admission have a relationship with sleep disturbances in post-trauma brain injury patients. These factors can be used as an initial identification when a patient enters the hospital emergency room and a consideration for the type of treatment and therapy given.

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Prevalence of postconcussion syndrome after mild traumatic brain injury in young adults from a single neurosurgical center in east coast of Malaysia

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Post-traumatic headache: Pathophysiology and management - A review

Post-traumatic headache: Pathophysiology and management - A review

Demographic evaluation of Post-Concussion Syndrome in referrals to Bandar Abbas Forensic Medical Center, South of Iran from March 2020 to August 2021

Post Concussion Syndrome Detection in Post Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

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