Prevalence of periodontitis among the adolescents aged 15-18 years in Mangalore City: An epidemiological and microbiological study

Abstract

Background:Periodontitis is a group of inflammatory diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. Both aggressive periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) have a multifactorial etiology, with dental plaque as the initiating factor. However, the initiation and progression of periodontitis are influenced by other factors including microbiologic, social and behavioral and systemic and genetic factors. The prevalence of periodontal diseases varies in different regions of the world according to the definition of periodontitis and the study population, and there are indications that they may be more prevalent in developing than in developed countries.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among the adolescents of 15-18 years of age in Mangalore City. One thousand one hundred students aged 15-18 years were selected for the study from the schools and colleges in Mangalore City using a convenient sampling method. The prevalence of AP and CP were assessed in the study using a community periodontal index. Students who were diagnosed clinically and radiographically were subjected to microbiological examination to confirm AP.Results:A high prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis was found in students belonging to the lower socioeconomic status group compared with the higher socioeconomic groups, which were associated with poor oral hygiene habits. The prevalence of AP was found to be 0.36% and that of CP was found to be 1.5%.Conclusion:Oral diseases have a significant impact on the social and psychological aspects of an individual's life. Exposure to risk factors, such as age, low socio-economic status, poor education, low dental care utilization, poor oral hygiene levels, smoking, psychosocial stress and genetic factors are significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis among adolescents. Although genetic factors play a major role in periodontitis, the treatment outcome will still be influenced by environmental and behavioral factors.

Global prevalence of aggressive periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The continents covered were Africa (Albandar, Muranga, & Rams, ; Elamin, Skaug, Ali, Bakken, & Albandar, ; Harley & Floyd, ; Haubek et al, ; Kissa et al, ), with 2 Moroccan studies (Haubek et al, ; Kissa et al, ), Asia (Ababneh, Hwaij, & Khader, ; Albandar, ; Cho, You, & Jeong, ; Ereş, Sarıbay, & Akkaya, ; Kowashi, ; Levin, Baev, Lev, Stabholz, & Ashkenazi, ; Nanaiah, Nagarathna, & Manjunath, ; Roozegar, Havasian, Panahi, & Hashemian, ; Sadeghi, ; Uchiyama et al, ; Yee, Subramaniam, Raman, & Loo, ), Europe (Hoover, Ellegaard, & Attström, ; Kronauer, Borsa, & Lang, ; Petruţiu et al, ; Saxby, ; Saxén, ) and north America (Barnett, Baker, & Yancey, ; Horning, Hatch, & Lutskus, ; Löe & Brown, ; Melvin, Sandifer, & Gray, ; Neely, ) and south America (Corraini, Pannuti, Pustiglioni, Romito, & Pustiglioni, ; Cortelli, Cortelli, Pallos, & Jorge, ; Hermes, Baumhardt, & Rösing, ; López, Ortueta, & Hdez, ; López, Ríos, Pareja, & Fernández, ; Susin & Albandar, ; Tinoco et al, ). The years of publication ranged from 1980 to 2016.…”

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease in the General Population of India-A Systematic Review

“…Furthermore, when the relationship of age and periodontal disease was assessed it was observed that, in all the included studies it was seen that the severity of periodontal disease was increased with the advancing age [17][18][19][20][21][22]. These findings could be attributed to the general deterioration in immune function and tissue integrity in the older age that may increase the vulnerability to the periodontal disease.…”

“…Overall 31,757 individuals were examined through six included studies carried out in different parts of India [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The highest prevalence reported was found being 97.51% [18].…”

“…Our result also confirmed the same findings. The included studies [17][18][19][20][21][22] emphasized on the role of cultural and social determinants like low socioeconomic status, low level of education and deleterious oral habits on high prevalence of periodontal disease.…”

Association of sleep bruxism and dental plaque factors on signs of periodontal disease in children in the mixed dentition

“…The frequency of periodontitis is measured in terms of prevalence, incidence, and severity and the extent of the disease is measured by indices or scales that quantify levels of disease. The determinants of disease refer to factors that increase the risk of disease onset.…”