Prevalence of Perineal Tear Peripartum after Two Antepartum Perineal Massage Techniques: A Non-Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Perineal massage increases elasticity of myofascial perineal tissue and decreases the burning and perineal pain during labour, thus optimising child birth, although an application protocol has not been standardised yet. The objective of this study is to determine the efficiency of massage in perineal tear prevention and identification of possible differences in massage application. Total of 90 pregnant participants were divided into three groups: perineal massage and EPI-NO® device group, applied by an expert physiotherapist, self-massage group, where women were instructed to apply perineal massage in domestic household, and a control group, which received ordinary obstetric attention. Results: The results showed significant differences among the control group and the two perineal massage groups in perineal postpartum pain. Correlations in perineal postpartum pain, labour duration and the baby’s weight were not statistically significant. Lithotomy posture was significantly less prevalent in the massage group than in the other two; this variable is known to have a direct effect on episiotomy incidence and could act as a causal covariate of the different incidence of episiotomy in the groups. Perineal massage reduces postpartum perineal pain, prevalence and severity of perineal tear during delivery.

The clinical characteristics of perineal tears: A study carried out on 14 pregnant women in a tertiary center: Case series

“…As other authors show us, perineal tears are primarily found in young women, and these women are often primiparous. The author Álvarez-González M et al, shows us in her experimental study on perineal trauma that young women in their thirties are the most affected and vulnerable to perineal tears with a very high frequency [ 15 ]. The high prevalence of tears in our region shows good monitoring of young women during childbirth and the implementation of preventive measures to protect the perineum.…”

Perineal Massage during Pregnancy for the Prevention of Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: Controlled Clinical Trial

“…The intervention protocol has been used previously [ 16 ]. The procedure included direct manual techniques, the use of the EPI-NO ® device (Northampton, UK), and another external manual technique [ 18 ].…”

Hubungan Antara Paritas Dengan Kejadian Ruptur Perineum Pada Persalinan Pervaginam Di Rspal Dr. Ramelan Periode Januari 2019 – Juli 2022

“…Pada kasus ruptur perineum seringkali di dapatkan trauma di beberapa bagian seperti pada serviks, vagina, dan vulva termasuk daerah labial, periclitoral, dan periurethral serta yang paling sering pada daerah perineum. Selama persalinan sebagian besar ruptur perineum paling sering terjadi di sepanjang dinding posterior vagina dan memanjang hingga ke anus (1)(2)(3) Ruptur perineum dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi empat derajat berdasarkan tingkat keparahannya. Derajat pertama hanya mempengaruhi bagian mukosa vagina atau kulit perineum;derajat kedua mempengaruhi daerah serat otot perineum;derajat ketiga,lesi otot perineum mempengaruhi otot sfingter anal; sedangkan pada ruptur perineum derajat ke empat, mengenai mukosa dimulai dari epitel vagina hingga epitel anal (4) Ruptur perineum merupakan salah satu penyebab tertinggi kedua perdarahan ibu postpartum.…”