Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Shandong, China: Urban–Rural Disparity

Zhang, Ying-xiu; Wang, Zhao-xia; Zhao, Jingbo; Chu, Zun-hua

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmw011

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…is is consistent with existing evidence that the dual burden of under-and overnutrition exists among children from birth to 18 years in low-and middleincome countries. e economic development (degree of urbanization [36]) and the transformation of lifestyle in small-medium cities probably play a role in the double burden phenomenon. Although our study did not measure the levels of urbanization, it is possible that children and adolescents from the big and small-medium cities (e.g., more urbanized) may benefit from improved economic status, better access to healthcare, sanitation, and better nutrition when compared to their counterparts from rural areas (e.g., lower urbanized).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China

Zhou

Bing

et al. 2020

Journal of Obesity

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Objective. To examine the gender, age, and region of residence in the anthropometric and nutritional profiles of children and adolescents aged 6–18 in Henan Province, China’s third most populous province. Design. This cross-sectional study of the China National Nutrition and Health survey (2010–2013) used a multistage cluster sampling technique. The sample included Chinese schoolchildren and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years (1,660 boys and 1,561 girls). Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between sociodemographic correlates and overweight or obesity and stunting. Setting. Nine districts/counties in Henan Province. Participants. 3,221 subjects completed the questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was obtained. Body weight and height were measured. Results. There were statistically significant regional differences in average height and weight for boys in all age groups. Girls followed the same trends except for height when 15–18 years old. The urban-rural residence differences were found in relation to prevalence of stunting and weight status. Subjects in poor rural areas (15.43%) and ordinary rural areas (15.34%) had higher rates of stunting compared to their urban counterparts. Prevalence of overweight or obesity was highest in big city areas (15.71%) and lowest in ordinary rural areas (6.37%). Being a boy (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.314–2.143), living in a big city (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.431–3.073), or in a small-medium city (OR = 2.28, CI = 1.606–3.247), or being in a younger age group was associated with being overweight or obese. In addition, being a boy, living in a big city, or in a small-medium city, or being younger in age meant they were less likely to be stunted. Conclusions. A substantial dual burden of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Henan Province was revealed. The urban-rural differences in nutritional status were found. Stunting was more prevalent in rural areas than in urban. In contrast, while the rising problem of childhood and adolescent obesity still exists in the big city, we also found a great spike in obesity in small-medium cities. Evidence also indicated that boys were more likely to be overweight or obese. Our findings suggest that nutrition education, as well as environmental and policy interventions, is needed to target specific geographic regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China

Zhou

Bing

et al. 2020

Journal of Obesity

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“…This has been shown in China, where the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was significantly higher in urban than in rural children in 1985, 1995 and 2005. However, a rapid increase in the prevalence of combined overweight and obesity occurred in rural areas after 2005 and as a result, the urban-rural disparity was getting narrower with a lack of urban-rural disparity in 2014 [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical fitness and anthropometric characteristics among adolescents living in urban or rural areas of Kosovo

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHigh physical fitness levels in childhood and adolescence are associated with positive health-related outcomes later in life. Albeit many researchers investigated rural-urban differences in physical fitness, the outcomes of these studies are inconsistent and data on Kosovo are widely missing. Thus, this study aims to examine anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in 14 to 15 year old Kosovan adolescents living in rural and urban areas.MethodsTwo schools from Pristina (mostly urban population) and two schools in the surrounding villages of the district of Deçan (mostly rural population) were selected. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were determined from a total of 354 adolescents (216 urban: 14.5 ± 0.4 years, 138 rural: age 14.5 ± 0.4 years) who volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study performed in 2013/14.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.9% in girls and 28.2% in males and excess body fat was detected in 18.2% of the girls and 15.9% of the boys with no differences between rural and urban adolescents. Rural adolescents performed slightly better in relative handgrip strength (+4.7%, p = 0.032) and running speed (10 m: +2.2%, p = 0.012; 20 m: +1.9%, p = 0.035), but no other differences were detected in standing long jump, counter movement jump, cardiorespiratory fitness and sit and reach test. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that being a female was associated with a lower relative risk for overweight (RR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03–0.34, p < 0.001) and high body fat content (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.56, p < 0.001). In addition, higher handgrip strength, longer sprinting time and lower aerobic fitness were associated with a higher relative risk for overweight and excess body fat. In contrast, lower handgrip strength increased the risk for experiencing thinness (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIt could be shown that there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, especially in 14 to 15 year old boys in Kosovo which does not differ between rural and urban areas. Worse physical performance is associated with a higher risk for overweight and obesity highlighting the importance for interventions in this area and for starting longitudinal observations of a secular trend.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4727-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…According to Zhang et al, the prevalence of obesity is increasing among children and adolescents from rural area as well, alerting for an urban-rural disparity ever closer [20]. In children and adolescents from low middleincome countries, obesity carries on a problem, especially to those with fairly high socioeconomic status [21].…”

Section: Obesity Prevalence and Risks In Children And Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

Forkert

Rendo-Urteaga

Nascimento-Ferreira

et al. 2016

Nutrire

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Obesity prevalence has increased worldwide over the last decades and has reached alarming rates in low middleincome countries. Childhood has been affected by this epidemic, leading to premature dramatic health problems. Adipose tissue is currently considered as an endocrine organ modulating an inflammatory state and important metabolic processes (insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance) leading to consequences of the cardiovascular system. This situation may be worst if the excess of body fat distribution such as abdominal obesity (AO) is involved because it is associated with a more atherogenic risk profile determining the cardiometabolic risks mainly in children and adolescents. Hence, the knowledge regarding the association between AO and cardiometabolic factors aims to prevent and treat the obesity in this young population, avoiding early harmful consequences of adulthood health.

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Shandong, China: Urban–Rural Disparity

Abstract: The change trend of urban-rural disparity should be concerned in the future; policies and interventions focused on childhood overweight and obesity should pay attention to rural areas.

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China

Double Burden of Malnutrition: Examining the Growth Profile and Coexistence of Undernutrition, Overweight, and Obesity among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Urban and Rural Counties in Henan Province, China

Physical fitness and anthropometric characteristics among adolescents living in urban or rural areas of Kosovo

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

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