Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovars in Buffalo Meat in Egypt

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. prevalence in buffalo meat in Egypt, along with studying the antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates. Salmonella spp. was detected in 25% of tested buffalo meat. A total of 53 (100%) isolates were genetically verified by PCR as Salmonella, based on the detection of the invA gene. The stn and hilA genes were detected in 71.7% (38/53), and 83.0% (44/53) of the recovered isolates, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis (11/53; 20.7%) was the most commonly isolated serovar, followed by S. Typhimurium (9/53; 17%), S. Montevideo (6/53; 11.3%), meanwhile, S. Chester, S. Derby, S. Papuana, and S. Saintpaul were the least commonly identified serovars (a single strain for each; 1.9%). Among the 16 antimicrobials tested, amikacin, imipenem, gentamicin, cefotaxime, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were the most effective drugs, with bacterial susceptibility percentages of 98.1%, 94.3%, 92.5%, 86.8%, 83.0%, 73.6%, and 69.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the least effective ones were erythromycin, streptomycin, clindamycin, cefepime, and nalidixic acid, with bacterial resistance percentages of 100%, 98.1%, 88.7%, 77.4%, and 66%, respectively. Interestingly, the high contamination level of Egyptian buffalo meat with multidrug-resistant Salmonella (79.2%; 42/53) can constitute a problem for public health. Therefore, programs to control Salmonella contamination are needed in Egypt.

Detection of Virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt "one health concern"

“…The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are illustrated in (Table 2 ); the recovered NTS isolates showed 100% resistance to clindamycin, followed by streptomycin (98.85). These results are consistent with those obtained by many previous studies [ 15 , 24 ] and It was observed that 100% of isolates from both animals and humans were resistant to clindamycin, although its use in large animals was limited. This demonstrated the cross-transmission of NTS between humans and animals (Fig.…”

“…Data in (Table 4 ) illustrated that stn gene was found in 72.22% of the tested isolates. Similarly, the stn genes were detected in 71.7% of the tested isolates in Egypt [ 24 ]. On the other hand, the stn gene could be detected in all Salmonella isolates [ 34 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Application of a novel lytic Jerseyvirus phage LPSent1 for the biological control of the multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in foods

“…Remarkably, all the tested bacteria were identified as MDR because they resisted at least one antibiotic within more than three different classes. MDR Salmonella have been isolated previously from Egypt ( Abdelhakim et al, 2011 ; Abdel-Maksoud et al, 2015 ; Mahmoud et al, 2018 ; Merwad and Abdel-Haliem, 2018 ; Esmael et al, 2021b ; Abd-Elghany et al, 2022 ). In Egypt there are no boundaries on antibiotic remedies and antibiotics can be acquired easily without any medical prescription from drugstores and pharmacies ( Sobhy et al, 2012 ; Sabry et al, 2014 ; Awad et al, 2016 ; Esmael et al, 2020 ).…”

Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Isolated from Coastal Seawater for Aquaculture

“…carry invA , which allow bacteria to invade epithelium cells of the human gastrointestinal tract [ 17 ]. Therefore, the invA gene has been widely used as a genetic marker to confirm the presence of Salmonella isolates [ 18 ].…”