Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran: A meta-analysis

Abstract

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome) MetS( is a complex risk factor which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. There are many studies with various populations and results about the prevalence of MetS in Iran; in order to authenticate these studies and have an overall estimation of its prevalence in Iran, performing a meta-analysis seems to be necessary.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its components in Iran via meta-analysis method.MethodsAll associated published papers in national and international journals of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iranmedex, Science Direct, Medlib, and SID databases were searched from January, 2000 to October, 2016. All types of studies, including local and national surveys that reported the prevalence of MetS among healthy populations in Iran were reviewed. The effects of age, sample size and publication date as possible sources of heterogeneity among the study findings was examined by meta-regression. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant in heterogeneity tests. All analysis was done by R Ver. 3.2.1 and STATA (version 10).ResultsSeventy eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The overall estimation of MetS prevalence was 25% (95% CI: 22–29%) based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, 30% (95% CI: 25–36%) according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and 39% (95% CI: 26–52%) based on the Joint Interim Societies (JIS) criteria. The prevalence of MetS was lower in men than in women (26.9% versus 35.7%). The prevalence of various MetS components including High TG (triglyceride), Low HDL-C, High BP and High FBS (fasting blood sugar) was 43%, 54%, 38% and 22% among the adult population.ConclusionFindings from the present meta-analyses study displayed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran, especially in women, which increases with age in both sexes. It alerts health care providers and policy makers to find solutions in order to take action to reduce MetS risk in society.

Intake of Animal Source Foods in Relation to Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

“…Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a progressive problem worldwide that is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases (Ranasinghe et al, 2017;Pasdar et al, 2019a). MetS is highly prevalent in industrial and developing countries, although the highest prevalence occurs in developing countries (Ostovar et al, 2017;Hajian-Tilaki, 2018). Recent results from a systematic review have shown that the prevalence of MetS in adults (≥18 years of age) is 31.6% in Iran (Ostovar et al, 2017).…”

“…MetS is highly prevalent in industrial and developing countries, although the highest prevalence occurs in developing countries (Ostovar et al, 2017;Hajian-Tilaki, 2018). Recent results from a systematic review have shown that the prevalence of MetS in adults (≥18 years of age) is 31.6% in Iran (Ostovar et al, 2017).…”

“…MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia [low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high plasma triglycerides (TG)], and dysglycemia (glucose intolerance) ( Esposito et al, 2012 ; Je et al, 2017 ; Ostovar et al, 2017 ). MetS can be prevented by improving unhealthy lifestyles ( Je et al, 2017 ).…”

Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid Supplementation on Glycemic Control in the Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Due to urbanization, excessive energy intake, increased obesity, and sedentary lifestyle; metabolic syndrome has become one of the leading public health concerns worldwide (1). Central obesity, dyslipidemia, increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, high serum triglyceride, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are also some of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome (2). The patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk for various types of diseases and there are also some degrees of disability and mortality in these patients (3).…”

Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Educational Package for Controlling Metabolic Syndrome Components: a quasi-experimental trial in Iran

“…The results of a comprehensive study in Iran over 12 years (from 2001 to 2013) indicated a 6.9% increase in the spread of metabolic syndrome [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Increase in the prevalence of MetS is possibly as a result of genetic factors, unhealthy lifestyle and environmental conditions [4][5][6][7][8][9]. These observed spread rates are higher than the predicted spread around the world, which is between 20% and 25% [10].…”