Intake of Animal Source Foods in Relation to Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent disorder associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle and occupation can increase the risk of developing MetS. Since dietary pattern is a major component of lifestyle, this study aimed to determine the relationship between consumption of animal source foods (ASFs) and MetS among food suppliers. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 male food suppliers. We measured anthropometric indices, body composition, and blood pressure of the participants. Blood biochemistry was determined using 5 mL fasting blood samples. MetS was defined based on the guidelines described by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). ASF intake, including dairy products, eggs, red meat, poultry, and fish, was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. Overall, 46.4% of participants had MetS. Participants who consumed dairy 3∼5 times/d and more than 5 times/d had lower risk of MetS [odds ratios (OR): 0.18 (confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.05∼0.62) and OR: 0.20 (CI 95%: 0.06∼0.67), respectively] compared with participants in the lowest tertile. The risk of hypertension was significantly decreased in participants who consumed dairy products >5 times/d [OR: 0.22 (CI 95%: 0.07∼0.67)]. Other ASFs were not associated against the risk of MetS in crude and adjusted models. Our findings indicated that adhering to dairy products can decrease the risk of MetS. Higher adherence to dairy products was also protective against hypertension in these participants.

Dairy Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from Korean Population and Meta-Analysis

“…A total of 35 studies including 12 cohort studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] with 40,943 subjects and 9436 cases and 25 cross-sectional [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ] studies with 362,196 subjects were included in meta-analyses of the highest versus the lowest dairy product consumption and risk of MetS ( Figure 1 ). Table 3 presents the characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.…”

“…Thus, we included both cohort and cross-sectional studies, and conducted subgroup analyses for total dairy products, milk, yogurt, and cheese consumption. Moreover, we included more recent two cohort studies (three articles) [ 23 , 24 , 44 ] and 11 cross-sectional studies (11 articles and the current results of the KNHANES data) [ 21 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ] including the first large multinational studies [ 61 ]. In the present meta-analysis, we not only performed stratified analyzes by geographic region and adjustment for confounders like the previous meta-analyses [ 7 , 8 ] but also performed analyses stratified by sex and MetS criteria.…”

Major Dietary Patterns in Relation to Chronic Low Back Pain; a Cross- sectional Study from RaNCD Cohort

“…The type and amount of protein determines the effect on muscle mass [28,29]. In this study, high protein diet related to higher adherence to red and white meat, legumes, nuts, and egg involving protein with high biological value and essential micronutrients (e.g., calcium, iron, zinc, choline, vitamin B 12 ) that are important for growth and development, developing of neurotransmitters, improving of skeletal muscle mass and strength [30,31].…”

Adherence to Healthy Diet Can Delay Alzheimer’s Diseases Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A healthy diet is reflected by adequate consumption of whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, poultry, and fish, and by low consumption of red meat, processed meat, and added sugar foods ( Pasdar et al, 2019 ; Pasdar et al, 2020a ). For example, Mediterranean diets (MDs), which emphasizes higher intakes of whole grains, vegetables, nuts, fish, olive, olive oil, and lower intakes of red meat and processed meat, and wine as the main source of alcohol, are considered healthy diets ( Scarmeas et al, 2006b ; Pasdar et al, 2020b ). In contrast, unhealthy diets, such as Western diets, are high in saturated fat, trans-fatty acids, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, and added sugar, promote obesity and many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and cancer ( Pasdar et al, 2019 ; Moludi et al, 2020 ).…”