Prevalence of Mastitis and Associated risk factors in Jimma Town Dairy Farms, Western Ethiopia

Abstract

Across sectional study of epidemiological risk factors and associated bacterial pathogens was conducted on 216 lactating dairy cows in jimma town from Oct. 2016 to April 2017 to determine the overall prevalence rate, associated bacterial pathogens and to assess effect of risk factors on prevalence of mastitis. Upon physical examination of udder and teats the prevalence of clinical mastitis was 2.3% at cow level and 0.96% at quarter level. Using the California mastitis test (CMT) for detection of sub clinical mastitis, the prevalence of sub clinical mastitis at cow level and quarter level was 60.65 and 38.4% respectively. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 62.96. Out of 323 (38.4%) CMT positive quarters with evidence of sub clinical mastitis, the quarter infection rate for the right rare quarter was highest (41.3%) followed by left rear (38.8%), right and left front (each 36.7%). Up on microbiological examination of milk samples for both clinical and subclinical quarters, out of a total of 331 cultured, 271(81.9%) yielded bacteria whereas 60(18.1%) yielded no bacteria. A total of 263 bacterial pathogens were isolated whereas 8 were mixed infections with more than two different colonies. The main bacterial pathogens isolated were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) (26.6 %), Staphylococcus aureus (24.7%), Escherichia coli (13.31%), Streptococcus species (9.13%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%). Other bacteria isolated with low isolation rate were micrococcus species (3.04%), Corynebacterium species (3.4%), Actinomyces pyogenes (3.8%), Bacillus species (3.42%) and other gram negative rods (3.8%). Host factors such as breed, age parity and lactation stage had significant effect on the prevalence of mastitis (p‹0.05). Managemental and environmental factors such as bedding, ventilation, frequency of barn cleaning, udder washing and use of communal towel had significant effect on the occurrence of mastitis (p‹0.05). Whereas milking practice, drainage had insignificant effect on the prevalence of mastitis (p›0.05).

Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Pathogens Isolated in Lactating Cows in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

“…Overall, the quarter-level prevalence of 7.94% recorded in this study was in agreement with a report of 8.03% 17 in West Harerghe, but lower than the 29.4%, 1 45.68%, 5 54.75%, 11 21.48%, 20 29.04%, 21 and 39.4% 36 found in other studies. Compared to other quarters, the right rear showed the highest proportion of infection (9.9%), followed by the left rear (9.7%).…”

“…The current study revealed an overall prevalence of 17.1% in 422 lactating cows in and around Arba Minch, comparable with the 16.1% prevalence reported in Tullo, 19 19% in Addis Ababa, 25 23% in West Harerghe, 17 but higher than the 6% 35 in Debrezeit, 5.1% 3 in and around Wolaita Sodo, and 9.9% 30 in Ambo, central Ethiopia. On the other hand, the current result was much lower than the recent findings of Amin et al, 5 Tesfaye and Abera, 36 and Abebe et al, 1 who reported 49.2% in and around Haramaya, 60.65% in Jimma, and 54.2% in southern Ethiopia, respectively. Variations between this and other reports of prevalence might be due to the complex nature of mastitis and its occurrence through the interactions of several factors, such as management and husbandry practices, environmental conditions, animal-level factors, and causative agents.…”

“…The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (15.2%) was higher than that of clinical mastitis (1.9%) in the current study, which is in the line with several earlier reports from various parts of Ethiopia. 1 , 2 , 5 , 36 , 39 , 40 As reported by Seegers et al, 31 the subclinical form is 15–40 times as prevalent as the clinical form, is of long duration and of high economic consequence, and usually precedes the clinical form. As a result of the defense mechanism of the udder, which tends to reduce the severity of the disease, the subclinical form of mastitis has also been suggested to be higher than that of clinical mastitis.…”

“…This was in line with previous reports, where there was a statistically significant association between breeds and presence of mastitis, cross-breeds being predominant. 2 , 21 , 36 , 39 , 40 This indicates that pure local breeds are highly resistant to infection by mastitis compared to cross- and exotic breeds. This might be because of diversity of breeds in genetic potential for disease resistance and adaptability to the environment.…”

“…This is in line with other reports. 2 , 36 , 40 The highest infection level in the rear quarters might be as a result of the hindquarters’ greater production capacity and higher chance of environmental and fecal contamination, owing to their anatomical location. 33…”