Prevalence of Livestock-Associated MRSA ST398 in a Swine Slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China

Li, Xiaoshen; Xie, Longfei; Huang, Honghao; Li, Zhi; Liu, Guihua; Liu, Peng; Xiao, Danyu; Zhang, Xucai; Xiong, Wenguang; Zeng, Zhenling

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.914764

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…ST398 MRSA in China mainly comes from human infection, He et al 22 separated and detected ST398 CA-MRSA and proved that this type of CA-MRSA evolved from human MSSA by uptaking of SCC mec elements. In recent years, ST398 LA-MRSA has been gradually isolated from milk, 35 and pigs in farms 36 in China. ST398 LA-MRSA is closely related to ST398 HA-MRSA, and the detection rate of MRSA ST398 among slaughterhouse workers is much higher than that of community residents.…”

Section: Classification Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Hou¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen with a variety of virulence factors, which can cause multiple infectious diseases. In recent decades, due to the constant evolution and the abuse of antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus was becoming more resistant, the infection rate of MRSA remained high, and clinical treatment of MRSA became more difficult. The genetic diversity of MRSA was mainly represented by the continuous emergence of epidemic strains, resulting in the constant changes of epidemic clones. Different classes of MRSA resulted in different epidemics and resistance characteristics, which could affect the clinical symptoms and treatments. MRSA had also spread from traditional hospitals to community and livestock environments, and the new clones established a relationship between animals and humans, promoting further evolution of MRSA. Since the resistance mechanism of MRSA is very complex, it is important to clarify these resistance mechanisms at the molecular level for the treatment of infectious diseases. We firstly described the diversity of SCC mec elements, and discussed the types of SCC mec , its drug resistance mechanisms and expression regulations. Then, we described how the vanA operon makes Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin and its expression regulation. Finally, a brief introduction was given to the drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms and efflux pump systems. Analyzing the resistance mechanism of MRSA can help study new anti-infective drugs and alleviate the evolution of MRSA. At the end of the review, we summarized the treatment strategies for MRSA infection, including antibiotics, anti-biofilm agents and efflux pump inhibitors. To sum up, here we reviewed the epidemic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus , summarized its classifications, drug resistance mechanisms of MRSA (SCC mec element, vanA operon, biofilm and active efflux pump system) and novel therapy strategies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of MRSA infection.

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Section: Classification Of Mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Hou¹,

Liu²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus CC398 infections have also been reported in pigs in North America [ 72 ], while LA-MRSA CC9 infection has been shown in pigs in China [ 73 ] and Spain [ 74 ].…”

Section: Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S Aureu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further investigation indicated positive LA-MRSA infections in various European countries, including Denmark [ 33 ], Belgium [ 79 ], Portugal [ 80 ], and Croatia [ 81 ], with the prevalence rates varying from 16% to 100%. Apart from Europe, LA-MRSA has also been identified in swine production units in the United States [ 72 , 82 ], Brazil [ 83 , 84 ], Ecuador [ 85 ], and several Asian countries, including Japan [ 86 ], Korea [ 87 ], China [ 73 , 88 ], Pakistan [ 89 ], Vietnam [ 90 ], and Thailand [ 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology La-mrsa In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms

et al. 2023

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus was first discovered in pigs in the Netherlands in 2005. Since then, it has been widely detected in pigs in other countries. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be transmitted from pigs to pigs, pigs to humans (zoonosis), and humans to humans. This transmission is enabled by several risk factors involved in the pig trade, including the use of antibiotics and zinc, the size and type of the herd, and the pig pen management system. Although LA-MRSA has little impact on the pigs' health, it can be transmitted from pig to pig or from pig to human. This is a serious concern as people in direct contact with pigs are highly predisposed to acquiring LA-MRSA infection. The measures to control LA-MRSA spread in pig farms include conducting periodic LA-MRSA screening tests on pigs and avoiding certain antibiotics in pigs. This study aimed to review the emerging LA-MRSA strains in pig farms.

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“…Lineage USA300 is one of the most prevalent community strains of MRSA in the United States, known to cause severe skin and soft tissue infections. Identification of these specific lineages can help understand the source of infection and implement appropriate infection control measures [68]. Detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in MRSA strains provides a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of MRSA.…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Mrsa Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

Keneh,

Kenmoe,

Bowo-Ngandji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased and poses a significant threat to human and animal health in Cameroon and the world at large. MRSA strains have infiltrated various settings, including hospitals, communities, and livestock, contributing to increased morbidity, treatment costs, and mortality. This evidence synthesis aims to understand MRSA prevalence, resistance patterns, and genetic characterization in Cameroon. Methods The methodology was consistent with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies of any design containing scientific data on MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon were eligible for inclusion, with no restrictions on language or publication date. The search involved a comprehensive search strategy in several databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Hoy et al tool, and the results were synthesized and presented in narrative synthesis and/or tables and graphs. Results The systematic review analyzed 24 studies, mostly conducted after 2010, in various settings in Cameroon. The studies, characterized by moderate to low bias, revealed a wide prevalence of MRSA ranging from 1.9% to 46.8%, with considerable variation based on demographic and environmental factors. Animal (0.2%), food (3.2% to 15.4%), and environmental samples (0.0% to 34.6%) also showed a varied prevalence of MRSA. The genetic diversity of MRSA was heterogeneous, with different virulence gene profiles and clonal lineages identified in various populations and sample types. Antimicrobial resistance rates showed great variability in the different regions of Cameroon, with notable antibiotic resistance recorded for the beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, glycopeptide, lincosamide, and macrolide families. Conclusion This study highlights the significant variability in MRSA prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon, and emphasizes the pressing need for comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship strategies in the country.

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Prevalence of Livestock-Associated MRSA ST398 in a Swine Slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms

A mapping review of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus proportions, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Cameroon

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