Prevalence of inflammatory airway disease in National Hunt horses referred for investigation of poor athletic performance

Allen, Kate J; Tremaine, W. H.; Franklin, Samantha

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05599.x

Cited by 62 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The relationship between age and BALF cytology in racehorses referred for poor‐performance is still controversial 13, 25, 27, 32. Estimates of duration of airway inflammation based on BALF are currently unknown, however, in 1 study the majority of young racehorses entering training had abnormal BALF cytology for at least 4 weeks 49.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In racehorses, poor racing performance is associated with BALF neutrophilia 25, 26, 27, 31, 32. However, poor performance is highly multifactorial and comorbidities with other respiratory and nonrespiratory conditions in poorly performing horses must be considered 25, 26, 32, 33, 34. Poor performance is also difficult to define objectively, but may be assessed based on riders’ or trainers’ impression, using semiquantitative scores 12, 35, 36.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metachromatic cells in IAD have been associated with airway hyperreactivity and subclinical pulmonary obstruction,13, 15 whereas neutrophilic IAD has been more often associated with cough and the presence of tracheal mucus 11, 13, 57. However, these are not universal findings 25, 32. It remains to be elucidated whether this might be because of the different activities and training methods, the effect of environmental temperatures and conditions41, 42, 56 or methodological factors related to BALF collection and analysis (see Diagnosis section).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Couëtil

Cardwell

Gerber

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

335

662

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Couëtil

Cardwell

Gerber

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

335

662

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show abstract

“…Disorders of the respiratory system, particularly the lower airways, are the most frequently diagnosed conditions in sport horses evaluated for poor performance (Allen et al 2006. Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) are two common problems affecting the lower airways of racehorses (Wood et al 2005, Pascoe et al 1981, Raphel and Soma 1982, Newton and Wood 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Barton¹,

Shety²,

Wirth³

et al. 2014

PHK

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Summary: Over the last years local and systemic inflammatory markers of chronic pneumopathies have gained increasing interest in research, as the pathogenesis of Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) remains not fully elucidated in several details. In human medicine, Asthma bronchiale and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been found to be influenced by systemic inflammatory processes and the other way around. Inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as extracellular remodeling show close interactions. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is commonly used to evaluate the severity of local inflammation in the lung. Interleukins involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils like Interleukin 8, 17 and 23 have been studied. Chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, ultimately causing fibrosis. Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) are discussed as the most important proteolytic enzymes during remodeling in human medicine. In the horse, MMP 9 seems to be a central player in chronic respiratory disease as well. A systemic involvement has been shown for RAO by increased acute-phaseproteins like serumamyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation. Studies focusing on these and further possible inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in the horse are discussed in this review of literature.Keywords: Inflammatory markers / horse / respiratory disease / recurrent airway obstruction / RAO / Diagnostischer Wert verschiedener Entzündungsmarker bei chronischen Atemwegserkrankungen des Pferdes -eine ÜbersichtIn den letzten Jahren häufen sich Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen lokalen und systemischen Entzündungsmarkern bei chronischen Pneumopathien des Pferdes, da das Verständnis der Pathogenese von Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) und Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) weiterhin nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Ein Blick in die Humanmedizin zeigt, dass das Asthma bronchiale und die Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) durchaus in Zusammenhang stehen mit systemischen inflammatorischen Prozessen, so dass sich die lokalen Prozesse in der Lunge und systemische Entzündungsreaktionen gegenseitig beinflussen. Entzündung, Koagulation und Fibrinolyse sowie das extrazelluläre Remodelling sind eng miteinander verknüft. Zytologische Untersuchungen der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit und des Tracheobronchialsekrets stellen die gebräuchlichste Methode dar, den Schweregrad der lokalen Entzündung zu beurteilen. Hierbei ergeben sich Zusammenhänge zu Interleukinen, die an der Chemotaxis neutrophiler Granulozyten beteiligt sind, wie beispielsweise Interleukin 8, 17 und 23. Chronisch obstruktive Pneumopathien führen langfristig zu chronischen Umbauprozessen der Bronchienwände und des Lungenparenchyms (Remodelling), die mit der Bildung von Fibrosen einhergehen. Matrix-Metalloproteinasen (MMPs) gelten in der Humanmedizin als wichtigste proteolytische Enzyme bei diesem Remodelling und auch...

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“…While some diseases can affect both the entire respiratory system, most are categorized as either upper airway disorders or lower airway disorders. Disorders of the upper airways are generally mechanical in nature while those of the lower airway are often the result of infection (Allen et al,2006 ). Any horse can develop airway inflammation that can progress to serious disease over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of bacterial flora from respiratory tract of healthy horses

Muktha

Kabir

Rahman

2016

J Bangladesh Agric Univ

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This study was carried out during the period of July to December, 2014 in order to isolate and characterize bacterial flora present in the respiratory tract of healthy horses in and around BAU campus. Eighteen apparently healthy horses were used for the study. Swab samples were collected from the nasal cavity. The bacteria was isolated ,identified and characterized by cultural (aerobic condition),staining, biochemical and PCR technique. Each of the samples collected yielded at least one bacterial species. A total of 27 bacteria were isolated from the selected animals. The majority of the isolates (15/27, 55.56%) were Gram-positive and the rest (12/27, 44.44%) were Gramnegative. Bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (83.33%) and E. coli (66.66%).The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates was investigated by disc diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity test of Staphylococcus aureus revealed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, moderately sensitive to gentamicin and resistance to amoxicilin, ampicilin and erythromycin. On the other hand, E. coli showed moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, mildly sensitive to erythromycin and resistance to amoxicilin and ampicilin. Detection of E. coli and S. aureus from the respiratory tract of healthy horses were not unexpected. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin could be used for therapeutic purpose, if diseases occur by these organisms in horses.

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Prevalence of inflammatory airway disease in National Hunt horses referred for investigation of poor athletic performance

Abstract: Horses of all ages presented for investigation of poor performance require a thorough clinical investigation of the lower airways. The collection of both TW and BAL samples is indicated in order to confirm a diagnosis of IAD.

Cited by 62 publications

References 27 publications

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses—Revised Consensus Statement

Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in chronic respiratory disease of the horse – a review

Isolation and identification of bacterial flora from respiratory tract of healthy horses

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