Prevalence of IgE‐mediated sensitization in patients with suspected food allergic reactions in Jordan

Abstract

Background: Despite the recognition of food allergies as a significant cause of morbidity and a growing public health burden worldwide, there are no epidemiological studies addressing food sensitization and allergy in Jordan. Objective: To conduct an epidemiological study that retrospectively analyzes sensitization data from 3463 patients with suspected immunoglobulin E (IgE)mediated food allergic reactions who performed specific IgE tests in our laboratories in Jordan. Methods: Specific IgE (s-IgE) tests were analyzed for patients who performed enzyme allegro-sorbent testing based on either self-reported food allergy or upon physician's request. Results: 2.3% of the analyzed samples were cross-reactive to carbohydrate determinants. A quarter of the patients were sensitized to one or more food allergens, with males having higher odds of being s-IgE positive. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of sensitization was seen in infants and children compared with adults. s-IgE was most frequently found against cow milk (11.2%), pistachio (4.9%), soybean (4.6%), cherry (4.4%), and orange (4.4%). Interestingly, the s-IgE class distribution profile of pistachio differed from the rest of the top hits being skewed away from the weak class 1 leaning more towards higher IgE classes. Food allergen sensitization was age group-dependent: milk, tree nuts, and eggs were the main food groups causing sensitization in infants, while it was fruits followed by milk in children and adults. Conclusions: Our work represents the first epidemiological study addressing food sensitization in Jordan. This study lays a solid foundation for future studies that can help better guide food allergy diagnosis, patient dietary modifications, and food elimination plans, as well as assist decision-makers in the region to develop national strategies for an efficient and sustainable healthcare system.

Italian guidelines for the management of irritable bowel syndrome

“…Summary of evidence: food allergies are an immune-mediated reactions to proteins contained in foods which can be 1) related to an Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response (upon sensitization with development of specific IgE antibodies to a food allergen, e.g., nuts), 2) unrelated to IgE mechanisms (mediated by T cells, e.g., food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome), or 3) secondary to a mixed (IgE and non-IgE) response (e.g., milk protein allergy) [37,73,74]. True food allergies are rare, as they occur in only 1%-3% of adults with the most common food allergens being related to cow's milk, soy, peanuts, eggs, seafood and wheat [74][75][76][77]. The diagnosis of a food allergy is usually clinical, when symptoms (e.g.…”

Tree nut allergy: a systematic review

“…Tree nut allergies are one of the most common food allergies among all ages and across nations [1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The most common culprit individual tree nut, however, varies.…”

“…The most common culprit individual tree nut, however, varies. For example, walnut and hazelnut in many countries in Europe [10,11,15] and Korea [12], almond and cashew in Mexico [13], pistachio in Jordan [14], cashew in China [16], and walnut, hazelnut, and cashew in Canada [19 & ]. Allergy to multiple nuts (co-allergy) is common.…”

Scientific and Practical Innovations in Restoring Skin Barrier Properties in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

“…Первая гипотеза -развитие болезни по принципу «снаружи внутрь». Предполагается, что началу болезни предшествует увеличение проницаемости кожи, например для внешних агентов, аллергенов или микроорганизмов, на фоне первичного дефекта иммунной системы, что приводит к формированию IgE-опосредованной сенсибилизации [5]. Вторая гипотеза -«снаружи внутрь и обратно» -описывает патогенез АтД как «порочный круг», в основе которого лежит первичный дефект эпидермального барьера [5].…”

“…Предполагается, что началу болезни предшествует увеличение проницаемости кожи, например для внешних агентов, аллергенов или микроорганизмов, на фоне первичного дефекта иммунной системы, что приводит к формированию IgE-опосредованной сенсибилизации [5]. Вторая гипотеза -«снаружи внутрь и обратно» -описывает патогенез АтД как «порочный круг», в основе которого лежит первичный дефект эпидермального барьера [5]. Нарушение или наличие дефектов структурных белков и ферментных систем кожного барьера приводят к типичным иммунологическим изменениям и развитию воспаления с еще большим нарушением и дисфункцией эпидермального барьера (по причине нарушения дифференцировки кератиноцитов и структурных белков эпидермального барьера), усугублению кожного патологического процесса (в результате чего происходит активация иммунных клеток в ответ как на повреждение тканей, так и на прохождение аллергенов через измененный кожный барьер), увеличению количества патогенных микроорганизмов на поверхности кожи больных (в основном за счет вторичной колонизации Staphylococcus aureus) и появлению классического симптома АтД -чувства зуда [6][7][8].…”