Prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hematuria and proteinuria amongst healthy adolescents living in Western Saudi Arabia

Hothan, Kholoud Abdullah; Alasmari, Bashaer A.; Alkhelaiwi, Omniya K.; Althagafi, Khalid M.; Al-Khaldi, Abdulaziz; Alfityani, Ahmed K.; Aladawi, Muhannad M.; Sharief, Sara Nawfal; Desoky, Sherif El; Kari, Jameela A.

doi:10.15537/smj.2016.10.14784

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This finding was contrary to that of a similar cross-sectional study in Poland, which documented disparities in BPs with respect to SES 40. The finding in the latter appears reasonable as weight and obesity which are strong risk for hypertension; have strong socioeconomic inclinations, and the study was among adolescents who have relatively higher rate of obesity 41. In Indonesia, Julia et al .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

et al. 2019

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Background:In children particularly in the developing world, there is a tendency to downplay the role of primary hypertension in their health. In adults, a number of factors have clearly been associated with the incidence of hypertension. Knowledge of the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among children in our environment is important and could inform the need for lifestyle changes and routine blood pressure (BP) checks in children so as to reduce BP-related health risks.Aim:The aim of this study is to document the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among children in Enugu, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Children aged 6–17 years attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for the study. Their socioeconomic status (SES), weight, height, BP, and dipstick urinalysis were measured using standardized methods. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). The prevalence of hypertension and the influence of these factors on their BP were analyzed.Results:Forty-six (9%) of the 491 participants had hypertension. Of these 46 hypertensive children, 72% were females while a significantly higher proportion 57% (P = 0.006), were in the age group 13–17 years. While age, gender, and the presence of protein in urine were significantly associated with hypertension in these children; body mass index, diet, family history of hypertension, and SES were not.Conclusion:The prevalence of hypertension in children in this environment is high and appears to be increasing. There is need for routine BP and urinalysis check for all children in our clinics and wards.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Hypertension in children: Could the prevalence be on the increase?

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, the median age of nephritis-induced CKD patients was 10.2 years, which is similar to our findings in the fourth graders (10-11 years) (3). Although many studies have demonstrated that an increased BMI is significantly associated with proteinuria risk (21,(24)(25)(26)(27), our present study revealed that the prevalence of proteinuria was not elevated in persistently overweight or obese students. This result may be affected by our study population, since prior studies stated that the correlation between BMI and CKD was mainly attributed to the subcategory of morbid obesity, with a BMI >35 kg/m 2 (28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Socio-Demographic Factors Affect the Prevalence of Hematuria and Proteinuria Among School Children in Hualien, Taiwan: A Longitudinal Localization-Based Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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Objective: Child hematuria/proteinuria is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in later life, and mass urinary screening could detect asymptomatic glomerulonephritis at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal prevalence of hematuria/proteinuria and its association with socio-demographic factors among school children in Hualien, Taiwan.Methods: The study cohort consisted of first and fourth graders enrolled from 2008 to 2015 in Hualien. We combined the data from two consecutive health examinations to ensure the validity of the body mass index (BMI), urbanization, proteinuria, and hematuria grouping. Prevalence and health status differences between sex, age, BMI, and urbanization level were examined.Results: A total of 16,990 students within the same BMI and urbanization categories were included during the study interval. The prevalence of persistent hematuria was 1.0%. Fourth graders (odds ratio OR: 1.68, p = 0.002), girls (OR: 1.48, p = 0.014), and students from suburban/rural areas (OR: 1.99, and OR: 4.93, respectively; both p < 0.001) demonstrated higher hematuria risk. The prevalence of proteinuria was 0.2%. Fourth graders (OR: 4.44, p < 0.001) and students in suburban areas (OR: 0.27, p = 0.031) were associated with persistent proteinuria. After stratifying by age, the significant association remained. A higher risk of proteinuria was noted in underweight subjects (OR: 2.52, p = 0.023) among the fourth-grade students.Conclusion: The prevalence of hematuria/proteinuria in Hualien was higher than the average reported for Taiwan. Hematuria/proteinuria was significantly associated with sex, age, BMI, and urbanization. Our longitudinal results can provide information for future pediatric CKD prevention in Taiwan.

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“…In line with our findings, Hothan et al reported that hematuria occurred more frequently in healthy adolescent girls, with a female-tomale ratio of 1.5:1 and OR: 350 (P Z 0.001) in Saudi Arabia. 18 A recent study by Chiou et al also confirmed that children in Taiwan with CKD due to nephritis were older (age at diagnosis: 10.2 years old), more likely to be female (54.6%), and had a higher prevalence of hematuria (44.1%) at diagnosis. 5 Both studies supported our findings that female students of higher grade levels might have a high risk of hematuria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%