Prevalence of Hypertension in Children

Bell, Cynthia; Samuel, Joyce P.; Samuels, Joshua

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11673

Cited by 160 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that young children refrain from intake of SSB because of its potential adverse effects on obesity and related disorders [42]. According to the last update of the clinical practice guideline which is issued by AAP, the prevalence of pediatric prehypertension and hypertension has increased to 14.8% and 16.3%, respectively [2]. In our work, high SSB intake was associated with increased systolic blood pressure and odds of hypertension; numerous trials also evaluated the effects of reduced SSB intake on blood pressure; in the study by Chen L et al reduction in SSB intake of 1 serving/day over 18 months was associated with a 1.8 and 1.1 mmHg reduction in SBP and DBP, respectively [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing prevalence of obesity and weight gain in pediatric population, as a major health problem, is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory state [1]. Hypertension, as one of the major component of metabolic syndrome is also associated with obesity state and has an increasing prevalence in youth [2]. Hypertension in children and adolescents is defined as average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 95th percentile for gender, age, and height on ≥ 3 occasions, while prehypertension is defined as average SBP or DBP levels that are greater than 90 th percentile but less than 95th percentile [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of hypertension among children and adolescence: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

2020

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Background: In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that evaluated the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake on blood pressure among children and adolescents. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases up to 20 April 2020, the observational studies that evaluated the association between sugar-sweetened beverages intake and hypertension, systolic or diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were retrieved. Results: A total of 14 studies with 93873 participants were included in the current meta-analysis. High SSB consumption was associated with 1.67 mmHg increase in SBP in children and adolescents (WMD: 1.67; CI 1.021-2.321; P < 0.001). The difference in DBP was not significant (WMD: 0.313; CI −0.131-0.757; P = 0.108). High SSB consumers were 1.36 times more likely to develop hypertension compared with low SSB consumers (OR: 1.365; CI 1.145-1.626; P = 0.001). In dose-response meta-analysis, no departure from linearity was observed between SSB intake and change in SBP (P-nonlinearity = 0.707) or DBP (P-nonlinearity = 0.180). Conclusions: According to our finding, high SSB consumption increases SBP and hypertension in children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of hypertension among children and adolescence: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

2020

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“…Current estimates suggest that approximately 18.5% of children 2-19 years of age are obese [3]. The prevalence of pediatric hypertension (HTN) in children has ranged from 2 to 4% based on previous guidelines [4]. High BP is consistently grater in boys [15-19%] than in girls [7-12%].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure trajectory modeling in childhood: birth-cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) tends to increase with age and increase in proportion to body weight and height. Recent epidemiological and longitudinal cohort studies have found that high BP in children can be progressed into hypertension (HTN) in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study is that we monitor and analyze the tendency of the BP trajectory in children from the age of 3 years to the age of 10 years. Method: A total of 767 subjects were gathered from Ewha Birth and Growth cohort study. We observed and analyzed the data of 65 subjects which were completely repeated measures for 6 times as 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 years old follow-up. We collected retrospective information such as BP and anthropometric data measured for children and constructed the trajectory models of SBP and DBP in early stage of life. Results: Three distinct trajectories on SBP and DBP from 3 to 10 years old were identified. As a result of SBP, 82.7% (n = 54) of subjects experienced moderate SBP levels maintained stable levels; 13.7% (n = 9) of subjects experienced a rapid increase as the age increase; 3.6% (n = 2) of subjects experienced high SBP levels throughout follow-up as moderate grade. For DBP, 6.7% (n = 4) of subjects started with low levels and experienced generally a gradual grade; 61.7% (n = 41) of subjects started with moderate levels and experienced a steep increase at 7-years-old; 31.6% (n = 20) of subjects experienced a rapid increase on DBP levels. Conclusion: The result of study shows tendency of increase BP as the age increase. This research inspires that we verify risk group and risk factor in early stage of life with trajectory modeling for the HTN prevention in adulthood.

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“…Hypertension is a global public health problem with increasing prevalence among both adults and children …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep duration and blood pressure in children: Analysis of the pan‐European IDEFICS cohort

Sparano

Lauria

Ahrens

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, blood pressure, and hypertension in European children, aged 2-9.9 years, participating in the IDEFICS project. Blood pressure (BP) and the main anthropometric indices were measured according to standardized procedures. Childhood elevated BP and hypertension were defined according to the European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for children and adolescents. Parents reported lifestyle and socio-demographic data. Nocturnal sleep duration was assessed as part of a parental 24-h recall and categorized as follows: (a) ≤9 hours/ night; (b) >9 hours to ≤10 hours/night; (c) >10 hours to ≤11 hours/night; and (d) >11 hours/night. A complete set of variables included in the present analysis was provided by 7974 participants (boys/girls = 4049/3925) at the baseline survey (T0).Of them, 5656 were re-examined 2 years later at follow-up (T1). Children reporting shorter sleep duration at T0 had significantly higher BP values (P for trend < 0.001) compared to those who slept more. Prospective analyses showed that shorter sleep duration at baseline predicted, over the 2-year follow-up, higher increases in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, after adjustment for age, sex, country of | 573 SPARANO et Al.

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Prevalence of Hypertension in Children

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 160 publications

References 10 publications

Sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of hypertension among children and adolescence: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of hypertension among children and adolescence: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis

Blood pressure trajectory modeling in childhood: birth-cohort study

Sleep duration and blood pressure in children: Analysis of the pan‐European IDEFICS cohort

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